Factores asociados al no uso de métodos anticonceptivos en adolescentes
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2016
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
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Antecedentes: Existen muchos métodos anticonceptivos tanto para hombres como para mujeres, tales como métodos hormonales: orales inyectables, implantes subdermicos, dispositivos intrauterinos; métodos de barrera: preservativo masculino y femenino, pastillas anticonceptivas de emergencia, entre otros. El acceso a estos métodos no resulta complicado porque los costos de algunos no son tan elevados y ciertos gobiernos de algunos países han impulsado su uso. A pesar de todo lo antes expuesto, en la actualidad alrededor del mundo muchos adolescentes tienen relaciones sexuales sin utilizar ningún método anticonceptivo, lo que resulta en contagio de enfermedades de transmisión sexual y embarazos no deseados. Objetivo: Analizar los factores asociados al no uso de métodos anticonceptivos en las adolescentes de 15 a 19 años atendidas en el Centro de Salud Guamani de la ciudad de Quito de enero a junio de 2016. Metodología: cuantitativa, descriptiva, transversal, no experimental y retrospectiva. Como instrumento para recolectar datos se utilizó una encuesta que se aplicó a las adolescentes. Resultados: Los métodos anticonceptivos más conocidos por las adolescentes son: píldora o pastilla anticonceptiva (100%), inyección anticonceptiva (95%) y preservativo masculino (85%). Los conocimientos que tienen las adolescentes sobre los métodos que conocen son bajos, ya que el 40% tienen un nivel regular. El 75% de las adolescentes que no utilizaron un método anticonceptivo en su primera relación sexual, señalaron como razones: no disponía de uno en el momento (25%), por desconocimiento (40%) y su pareja no quería usarlo porque disminuye el placer (10%). Por otra parte, el 35% de las adolescentes que no utilizaron un método anticonceptivo en su última relación sexual, señalaron como razones: por desconocimiento (20%), su pareja no quería usarlo porque disminuye el placer (10%) y se encontraba en una relación amorosa estable (5%).
Background: There are many contraceptive methods for both men and women, such as hormonal methods: oral injectables, subdermal implants, intrauterine devices; Barrier methods: male and female condoms, emergency contraceptive pills, among others. Access to these methods is not complicated because the costs of some are not so high and certain governments in some countries have encouraged their use. Despite all of the above, at present around the world many adolescents have sex without using any method of contraception, resulting in transmission of sexually transmitted diseases and unwanted pregnancies. Objective: To analyze the factors associated with the non-use of contraceptive methods in adolescents aged 15 to 19 attended at the Centro de Salud Guamani in the city of Quito from January to June 2016. Methodology: quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional, nonexperimental And retrospective. As a tool for collecting data, a survey was used that was applied to adolescents. Results: Contraceptive methods known by adolescents are: contraceptive pill or pill (100%), contraceptive injection (95%) and male condom (85%). The knowledge that adolescents have about the methods they know are low, since 40% have a regular level. 75% of adolescents who did not use a contraceptive method at the time of their first sexual intercourse indicated as reasons: they did not have one at the time (25%), due to lack of knowledge (40%), and their partner did not want to use it because of decreased pleasure (10%). On the other hand, 35% of the adolescents who did not use a contraceptive method in their last sexual intercourse, stated as reasons: by ignorance (20%), their partner did not want to use it because it decreased pleasure (10%) and was in a stable love relationship (5%)
Background: There are many contraceptive methods for both men and women, such as hormonal methods: oral injectables, subdermal implants, intrauterine devices; Barrier methods: male and female condoms, emergency contraceptive pills, among others. Access to these methods is not complicated because the costs of some are not so high and certain governments in some countries have encouraged their use. Despite all of the above, at present around the world many adolescents have sex without using any method of contraception, resulting in transmission of sexually transmitted diseases and unwanted pregnancies. Objective: To analyze the factors associated with the non-use of contraceptive methods in adolescents aged 15 to 19 attended at the Centro de Salud Guamani in the city of Quito from January to June 2016. Methodology: quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional, nonexperimental And retrospective. As a tool for collecting data, a survey was used that was applied to adolescents. Results: Contraceptive methods known by adolescents are: contraceptive pill or pill (100%), contraceptive injection (95%) and male condom (85%). The knowledge that adolescents have about the methods they know are low, since 40% have a regular level. 75% of adolescents who did not use a contraceptive method at the time of their first sexual intercourse indicated as reasons: they did not have one at the time (25%), due to lack of knowledge (40%), and their partner did not want to use it because of decreased pleasure (10%). On the other hand, 35% of the adolescents who did not use a contraceptive method in their last sexual intercourse, stated as reasons: by ignorance (20%), their partner did not want to use it because it decreased pleasure (10%) and was in a stable love relationship (5%)
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Adolescente, Anticonceptivos, Centro de Salud Guamaní, Cantón Quito, Ecuador, Factores asociados, Epidemiología descriptiva, Estudios retrospectivos