Prevalencia de dengue en la parroquia Tenguel, provincia del Guayas, factores de riesgo 2006-2009
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2014
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
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El Dengue es una enfermedad transmisible viral, que desde el año 1988, con la reintroducción del mosquito Aedes Aegypti en el Ecuador, se convirtió nuevamente en un Problema de Salud Pública de gran magnitud y gravedad, especialmente en la costa. El mecanismo de trasmisión de la enfermedad se vio apoyado por factores causales intrínsecos y extrínsecos, que favorecieron la presencia de la población adulta, la biología de susceptibles, la introducción de nuevos serotipos, la agresividad de estos serotipos, la debilidad de los sistemas sanitarios, la deficiente infraestructura sanitaria, el escaso conocimiento de la población sobre el ciclo evolutivo del vector y la enfermedad; entre otras, fueron razones suficientes para que esta epidemia se sostenga literalmente en el tiempo con una endemia. El objetivo es la determinar la prevalencia de Dengue, endémico en la parroquia durante el periodo 2006-2009, a través de las muestras recibidas en el Hospital de Tenguel, se diagnosticaron en el Laboratorio de la jefatura de Área, mediante un diseño no experimental, de tipo descriptivo en función de las variables epidemiológicas de persona, tiempo y lugar de los pacientes. En sus resultados tuvo un promedio de positividad del 1,01%, para el periodo 2006-2009, recalcando que tuvo el mayor porcentaje de positividad en los meses de marzo y abril con 26% y 39% respectivamente, meses en los que esta virosis aumentó su transmisión, para luego decrecer en los meses posteriores. El grupo etario mayormente afectado entre 5 a 14 años de edad (48%) con énfasis en menores de 10 años y en cuanto al sexo no hubo diferencia importante. En cuanta a la raza más afectada fue la mestiza la que obtuvo la mayor prevalencia con un promedio en este periodo de tiempo el 64,7% En el 2007, 2008 y 2009 la mayoría de casos coinciden en los mismos meses de marzo y abril. La prevalencia en el año 2008 fue menor comparada con la de los años 2007 y 2009. Se sugiere que la parroquia debe sostener y fortalecer las medidas de prevención adoptadas hasta ahora en función de la prevalencia y de las variables epidemiológicas.
The Dengue is the largest illness transmitted by arthropods around the world. In Latin America it is considered a health problem due to its huge epidemical potential, because it affects millions of people and mostly to the productive population. Since 1988, Ecuador had outbreaks of dengue in some urban parishes of the canton Guayaquil. One of the main risk factors for the prevalence of vector illnesses, in this case, classic Dengue, is the hygienic habits and the lack of awareness of the population. The origin of this problem is caused, mostly, because of the deficiency of the health infrastructure at the parish, maybe due to the low education level of its inhabitants; there is no any interest in being involved in this local health issue. The objective is to determine the behavior of the virus Dengue endemic in the parish during the period 2009 through the samples received from the health units were diagnosed in the Laboratory of hospital. Using a non-experimental, descriptive in terms of epidemiological variables of person, time and place of the patients. In their results had an average of positivity in the period of 1,01%, which in 2006 had the highest percentage march with 2,32% this virus and transmission was more intense and then decreases in subsequent months, being the most affected age group between 5-14 years of age with an emphasis on children over 10 years and in gender difference was not significant. Sign in Mounth march and april the highest percentage of cases occurred in epidemiological weeks 10-13 which accounted from 3 to 30 March 2009, followed by a peak in EPID-WEEK 15 and subsequently in EPID-WEEK 17 coinciding with a rain stage last, in 2009 and 2010 the presentation of the most noted cases in the first 11 weeks of the year to coincide with the start of the winter season. The incidence rate in 2009 was higher compared to 2008 and 2011. It is suggested that the parish should sustain and strengthen the measures taken to date in terms of the prevalence and epidemiological variables, and manners for the prevention and care of this sick.
The Dengue is the largest illness transmitted by arthropods around the world. In Latin America it is considered a health problem due to its huge epidemical potential, because it affects millions of people and mostly to the productive population. Since 1988, Ecuador had outbreaks of dengue in some urban parishes of the canton Guayaquil. One of the main risk factors for the prevalence of vector illnesses, in this case, classic Dengue, is the hygienic habits and the lack of awareness of the population. The origin of this problem is caused, mostly, because of the deficiency of the health infrastructure at the parish, maybe due to the low education level of its inhabitants; there is no any interest in being involved in this local health issue. The objective is to determine the behavior of the virus Dengue endemic in the parish during the period 2009 through the samples received from the health units were diagnosed in the Laboratory of hospital. Using a non-experimental, descriptive in terms of epidemiological variables of person, time and place of the patients. In their results had an average of positivity in the period of 1,01%, which in 2006 had the highest percentage march with 2,32% this virus and transmission was more intense and then decreases in subsequent months, being the most affected age group between 5-14 years of age with an emphasis on children over 10 years and in gender difference was not significant. Sign in Mounth march and april the highest percentage of cases occurred in epidemiological weeks 10-13 which accounted from 3 to 30 March 2009, followed by a peak in EPID-WEEK 15 and subsequently in EPID-WEEK 17 coinciding with a rain stage last, in 2009 and 2010 the presentation of the most noted cases in the first 11 weeks of the year to coincide with the start of the winter season. The incidence rate in 2009 was higher compared to 2008 and 2011. It is suggested that the parish should sustain and strengthen the measures taken to date in terms of the prevalence and epidemiological variables, and manners for the prevention and care of this sick.
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Dengue, Factores de riesgo, Medicina preventiva, Epidemiología descriptiva, Parroquia Tenguel, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador