Riesgo suicida actual, intentos autolíticos previos en pacientes con trastornos depresivos
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2021
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
Resumen
El suicido y la depresión son problemas clínicos frecuentes en el mundo, con reducción
de la calidad de vida debido a que la conducta suicida influye en el comportamiento del
individuo, en su dinámica familiar por lo que su evaluación e intervención son
trascendentales. Se plantea la presente investigación cuyo objetivo es: Determinar el riesgo
suicida actual y los intentos autolíticos previos en pacientes con trastorno depresivo atendidos
en el Hospital Abel Gilbert Pontón de la ciudad de Guayaquil en el período 01 de mayo del
2020 al 01 de mayo del 2021. Se realizó un estudio correlacional, no experimental,
transversal, retro prospectivo. Se incluyeron pacientes entre 18 y 80 años con intentos
autolíticos previos, y con diagnóstico de depresión según la Escala de Hamilton para la
Depresión y se aplicó el Cuestionario de “Plutchik” para determinar el riesgo suicida. Las
variables categóricas fueron evaluadas con frecuencias absolutas y relativas. Las variables
cuantitativas fueron evaluadas con medidas de tendencia central y dispersión. Se aplicó el
test de Chi Cuadrado de Pearson para determinar relación entre variables categóricas y se
realizó el test de confiabilidad mediante el Alpha de Cronbach. Como resultados se
obtuvieron que 44.4% de los pacientes no tenían intentos autolíticos previos, y 13,9%
tuvieron 2 intentos previos, 39 pacientes fueron diagnosticados con depresión muy severa y
55% del total de la muestra obtuvo un valor en escala de Plutchick de >7 es decir alto riesgo
suicido. Como conclusión se estima que existe una asociación significativa entre el tipo de
depresión, según la escala de Hamilton desde leve a moderada, el número de intentos
autolíticos previos además estos influyen en la intensidad del riesgo suicida medido según la
escala de Plutchik
Suicide and depression are frequent clinical problems in the world and have a big impact in the reduction of a person’s quality of life, since suicidal behavior influences the individual’s behavior and their family dynamics, so the evaluation and intervention are important. The proposed objective in this research is: To determine the current suicide risk and previous suicide attempts in patients with depressive disorder treated at “Dr. Abel Gilbert Pontón” Hospital in the city of Guayaquil during the period between May 1st, 2020 to May 1st, 2021. This is a correlational, non-experimental, cross-sectional, retro-prospective study. Patients between 18 and 80 years old with previous suicide’s attempts and a previous diagnose of depression whether is mild to severe was included according to the Hamilton Scale for Depression, on the other hand the Plutchik’s Questionnaire was applied to determine their suicide risk. Measures of central tendency and dispersion were used to evaluate the quantitative variables. The Pearson's Chi Square test was performed to determine the relationship between categorical variables. Finally, Cronbach's Alpha was also applied as a reliability for the recollected date. The results were: 44.4% of the patients had no previous history of suicide attempts, only 13,9% had 2 previous attempts, 39 patients were diagnosed with severe depression while 55% of the patients had a Plutchick’s score >7 which indicates an high suicide risk. As conclusion of this study according to the Hamilton scale from mild to severe depresion, it’s estimated that there is a significant association between the type of depression and the number of previous suicide attempts, leading to an influence in the intensity of the actual suicide risk measured using the Plutchik’ scale
Suicide and depression are frequent clinical problems in the world and have a big impact in the reduction of a person’s quality of life, since suicidal behavior influences the individual’s behavior and their family dynamics, so the evaluation and intervention are important. The proposed objective in this research is: To determine the current suicide risk and previous suicide attempts in patients with depressive disorder treated at “Dr. Abel Gilbert Pontón” Hospital in the city of Guayaquil during the period between May 1st, 2020 to May 1st, 2021. This is a correlational, non-experimental, cross-sectional, retro-prospective study. Patients between 18 and 80 years old with previous suicide’s attempts and a previous diagnose of depression whether is mild to severe was included according to the Hamilton Scale for Depression, on the other hand the Plutchik’s Questionnaire was applied to determine their suicide risk. Measures of central tendency and dispersion were used to evaluate the quantitative variables. The Pearson's Chi Square test was performed to determine the relationship between categorical variables. Finally, Cronbach's Alpha was also applied as a reliability for the recollected date. The results were: 44.4% of the patients had no previous history of suicide attempts, only 13,9% had 2 previous attempts, 39 patients were diagnosed with severe depression while 55% of the patients had a Plutchick’s score >7 which indicates an high suicide risk. As conclusion of this study according to the Hamilton scale from mild to severe depresion, it’s estimated that there is a significant association between the type of depression and the number of previous suicide attempts, leading to an influence in the intensity of the actual suicide risk measured using the Plutchik’ scale
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Suicidio, Riesgo suicida, Intentos autolíticos, Trastorno depresivo, Conducta autodestructiva, Estudios retrospectivos, Hospital de Especialidades Guayaquil Dr. Abel Gilbert Pontón, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador