Evaluación preliminar geológico - geoquímica del prospecto geotérmico "Chimborazo", con aplicación de sensores remotos
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2016
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Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Universidad de Guayaquil
Resumen
El Prospecto Geotérmico Chimborazo (1º 60´S y 78º 73´W) se encuentra ubicado al Norte de la Cordillera de los Andes, incluye parte de las cordilleras Occidental, Oriental, y el valle interandino, en las provincias Chimborazo, Bolívar y Tungurahua, presenta un área de 223 907,330 m2.
La importancia de estudio del prospecto geotérmico, es presentar una línea base del recurso en las provincias mencionadas, a través de la integración de los datos geológicos, geoquímicos e hidrogeológicos con la aplicación de sensores remotos, de tal manera que permitan la caracterización de los fluidos termominerales y la relación con las unidades hidrogeológicas, para lo cual se usaron metodologías de exploración geológica, geoquímica e hidrogeológica con la aplicación de técnicas de sensores remotos, mediante el uso de la guía de OLADE, 1994.
La integración de toda la información obtenida permitió identificar tres zonas de interés: Cununyacu, ubicado al Noroeste (NW) del volcán Chimborazo, Guano-Los Elenes y Guayllabamba al Suroeste (SW) del volcán El Altar con temperaturas en profundidad que oscilan entre 77º C y 107 °C, que podrían ser aprovechadas en procesos agroindustriales, calefacción, acuicultura, turismo, entre otros.
En el sistema geotérmico en el área de Cununyacu los manantiales se encuentran dentro de la unidad hidrogeológica Latacunga-Ambato, la fuente de calor podría encontrarse bajo el edificio del volcán Chimborazo, Zumbagua estaría actuando como reservorio y las últimas fases eruptivas del Chimborazo serían la capa sello, los fluidos ascenderían a través de fallas y fracturas evidenciándose en la superficie vertientes con temperaturas de 47ºC.
Las vertientes de Guano-Los Elenes y Guayllabamba se encuentran ubicadas dentro de la unidad hidrogeológica Chimborazo-Altar. En el área de Guano-Los Elenes la fuente de calor podría encontrarse ubicada en los volcánicos del Igualata, el reservorio serían los sedimentos de avalancha de escombros Riobamba (DAER) en ocasiones cubiertos por flujos lávicos del Chimborazo, las vertientes en superficie poseen temperaturas de 20,1 ºC. En el área de Guayllabamba en las rocas de basamento se encontraría la fuente de calor, los volcánicos del Altar estarían actuando como reservorio, este sistema tendría un control estructural debido a que se encuentra muy fallado.
Los datos químicos de las aguas termominerales analizados, indican altas concentraciones de bicarbonatos, sulfatos y cloruros, en tanto que el análisis isotópico del deuterio (δ2H) y oxígeno (δ18O) indica un origen meteórico y zonas de recarga entre 3.700 y 5.900 m.s.n.m.
The Chimborazo Geothermal Prospectus (1º 60'S and 78º 73'W) is located to the North of the Andes, it includes part of the western, eastern, and inter-Andean valleys, in the provinces of Chimborazo, Bolívar and Tungurahua, it is an area of 223 907 m2. The importance of studying the geothermal prospect is to present a baseline of the resource in the mentioned provinces, through the integration of geological, geochemical and hydrogeological data with the application of remote sensors, in such a way as to allow the characterization of the termomineral fluids and the relationship with the hydrogeological units, for which geological, geochemical and hydrogeological exploration techniques were used with the application of remote sensing techniques, using the methodology of OLADE, 1994. The integration of all the information obtained allowed to identify three areas of interest: Cununyacu, located to the Northwest (NW) of the Chimborazo volcano, Guano-Los Elenes and Guayllabambaal Southwest (SW) of the El Altar volcano with temperatures in-depth ranging from 77º C 107 ° C, which could be used in agroindustrial processes, heating, aquaculture, tourism, among others. The geothermal system in the Cununyacu area, the springs are inside of Latacunga-Ambato hydrogeological unit, the heat source could be found under the Chimborazo volcano building, Zumbagua would be acting as a reservoir and the last eruptive phases of Chimborazo would be the layer seal, the fluids would raise through faults and fractures evidencing on the surface slopes with temperatures of 47ºC. The Guano-Los Elenes and Guayllabamba slopes are located inside the Chimborazo-Altar hydrogeological unit. At Guano-Los Elenes area, the heat source could be located in the Igualata volcanos, the reservoir would be the Riobamba debris avalanche sediments (DAER), sometimes covered by lava flows of the Chimborazo volcano, the surface slopes have temperatures of 20.1 ° C. In the area of Guayllabamba in the basement rocks would be located the source of heat, the Altar volcanos would be acting as a reservoir, this system would have a structural control because it is very faulty. The chemical data of the analyzed thermomineral waters indicate high concentrations of bicarbonates, sulphates and chlorides, while the isotopic analysis of deuterium (δ2H) and oxygen (δ18O) indicates a meteoric origin and recharge zones between 3,700 and 5,900 m.s.n.m.
The Chimborazo Geothermal Prospectus (1º 60'S and 78º 73'W) is located to the North of the Andes, it includes part of the western, eastern, and inter-Andean valleys, in the provinces of Chimborazo, Bolívar and Tungurahua, it is an area of 223 907 m2. The importance of studying the geothermal prospect is to present a baseline of the resource in the mentioned provinces, through the integration of geological, geochemical and hydrogeological data with the application of remote sensors, in such a way as to allow the characterization of the termomineral fluids and the relationship with the hydrogeological units, for which geological, geochemical and hydrogeological exploration techniques were used with the application of remote sensing techniques, using the methodology of OLADE, 1994. The integration of all the information obtained allowed to identify three areas of interest: Cununyacu, located to the Northwest (NW) of the Chimborazo volcano, Guano-Los Elenes and Guayllabambaal Southwest (SW) of the El Altar volcano with temperatures in-depth ranging from 77º C 107 ° C, which could be used in agroindustrial processes, heating, aquaculture, tourism, among others. The geothermal system in the Cununyacu area, the springs are inside of Latacunga-Ambato hydrogeological unit, the heat source could be found under the Chimborazo volcano building, Zumbagua would be acting as a reservoir and the last eruptive phases of Chimborazo would be the layer seal, the fluids would raise through faults and fractures evidencing on the surface slopes with temperatures of 47ºC. The Guano-Los Elenes and Guayllabamba slopes are located inside the Chimborazo-Altar hydrogeological unit. At Guano-Los Elenes area, the heat source could be located in the Igualata volcanos, the reservoir would be the Riobamba debris avalanche sediments (DAER), sometimes covered by lava flows of the Chimborazo volcano, the surface slopes have temperatures of 20.1 ° C. In the area of Guayllabamba in the basement rocks would be located the source of heat, the Altar volcanos would be acting as a reservoir, this system would have a structural control because it is very faulty. The chemical data of the analyzed thermomineral waters indicate high concentrations of bicarbonates, sulphates and chlorides, while the isotopic analysis of deuterium (δ2H) and oxygen (δ18O) indicates a meteoric origin and recharge zones between 3,700 and 5,900 m.s.n.m.