Factores de riesgo en el embarazo ectópico de las pacientes atendidas en el Hospital Mariana de Jesús en el período del año 2015-2016
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2017
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Medicina
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Este trabajo investigativo tiene como objetivos principales determinar incidencias de embarazos ectópicos y los factores de riesgo de la misma, de pacientes atendidas en el área de Ginecología y Obstetricia en el Hospital Mariana de Jesús en el año 2016.
A pesar del progreso en los métodos diagnósticos y terapéuticos, sigue representando, a nivel mundial, un problema en morbilidad y mortalidad materna en el primer trimestre del embarazo . En el Hospital Mariana de Jesús, en los últimos 2 años se ha presentado un promedio de 110 casos anuales . En los países desarrollados la Incidencia aumentó tres a cuatro veces en los últimos 20 años .
La frecuencia de la entidad ha aumentado en los últimos 30 años desde un 0,5% en los años 70 al 1,1% en la actualidad. El hecho del aumento de embarazo ectópico es debido a que hay una mayor proporción de embarazos ectópicos que se diagnostican, y al aumento también de una serie de factores de riesgo, entre ellos: el aumento del número de pacientes que se sometan a técnicas de reproducción asistida, el empleo de métodos anticonceptivos como el dispositivo intrauterino, el aumento de la enfermedad inflamatoria pélvica, pacientes con embarazos ectópicos previos, pacientes con cirugía abdominal previa, especialmente tubárica, esterilidad, endometriosis, o tabaquismo, etc.
Los factores de riesgo asociados encontrados tienen relación con los analizados en otros estudios, lo cual muestra que en dichos factores hay significancia y por esto hay que tener en cuenta su identificación temprana y su prevención. Con el conocimiento de los resultados de esta investigación se puede fomentar salud, proporcionar un mejor conocimiento de la enfermedad y contribuir a un mejor manejo de las pacientes con diagnóstico de embarazo ectópico.
This research has as main objectives to determine the incidence of ectopic pregnancies and the risk factors of the same, of patients attended in the area of Gynecology and Obstetrics at the Hospital Mariana de Jesus in 2016. Despite progress in diagnostic and therapeutic methods, it continues to represent a worldwide problem in maternal morbidity and mortality in the first trimester of pregnancy. In the Mariana de Jesús Hospital, an average of 110 cases per year have been reported in the last 2 years. In developed countries the incidence increased three to four times in the last 20 years. The frequency of the entity has increased in the last 30 years from 0.5% in the 1970s to 1.1% today. The fact of the increase of ectopic pregnancy is due to a greater proportion of ectopic pregnancies being diagnosed, and to the increase in a number of risk factors, among them: the increase in the number of patients who undergo reproductive techniques The use of contraceptive methods such as the intrauterine device, increased pelvic inflammatory disease, patients with previous ectopic pregnancies, patients with previous abdominal surgery, especially tubal, infertility, endometriosis, or smoking, etc. The associated risk factors are related to those analyzed in other studies, which shows that these factors are significant and therefore have to take into account their early identification and prevention. With the knowledge of the results of this research can promote health, provide a better knowledge of the disease and contribute to better management of patients diagnosed with ectopic pregnancy.
This research has as main objectives to determine the incidence of ectopic pregnancies and the risk factors of the same, of patients attended in the area of Gynecology and Obstetrics at the Hospital Mariana de Jesus in 2016. Despite progress in diagnostic and therapeutic methods, it continues to represent a worldwide problem in maternal morbidity and mortality in the first trimester of pregnancy. In the Mariana de Jesús Hospital, an average of 110 cases per year have been reported in the last 2 years. In developed countries the incidence increased three to four times in the last 20 years. The frequency of the entity has increased in the last 30 years from 0.5% in the 1970s to 1.1% today. The fact of the increase of ectopic pregnancy is due to a greater proportion of ectopic pregnancies being diagnosed, and to the increase in a number of risk factors, among them: the increase in the number of patients who undergo reproductive techniques The use of contraceptive methods such as the intrauterine device, increased pelvic inflammatory disease, patients with previous ectopic pregnancies, patients with previous abdominal surgery, especially tubal, infertility, endometriosis, or smoking, etc. The associated risk factors are related to those analyzed in other studies, which shows that these factors are significant and therefore have to take into account their early identification and prevention. With the knowledge of the results of this research can promote health, provide a better knowledge of the disease and contribute to better management of patients diagnosed with ectopic pregnancy.
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Embarazo ectópico, Factores de riesgo, Hospital Especializado Mariana de Jesús, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador