Factores predisponentes de preeclampsia severa, estrategia educativa en mujeres embarazadas que asisten a la Unidad Médica Municipal Dr. Pomero Cabrera León
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2016
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
Resumen
La Preeclampsia es un trastorno que afecta únicamente la gestación humana, la cual
altera profundamente las condiciones de salud de la madre y su bebe; este impacto no es
solo a corto plazo, en términos de mortalidad materna o perinatal, sino también a largo
plazo con la morbilidad neonatal que implica los partos prematuros y el aumento del
riesgo cardiovascular que tiene las madres e hijos que presenta o son producto de
gestaciones con PE. Esta enfermedad constituye un problema de Salud Pública al tener
importantes tasas de morbilidad y mortalidad materna y perinatal. El incremento de las
complicaciones de la Preeclampsia se debe a escasos controles prenatales (CP), por la
falta de una saludable nutrición, la edad avanzada de la paciente y el desconocimiento
sobre la enfermedad. En esta investigación se diseñó una estrategia educativa preventiva
para las mujeres con Preeclampsia a través de la capacitación de los Profesionales de
Salud con la finalidad de incentivar y orientar a la gestante para que concluya su
control prenatal de manera subsecuente y controlada.
Se realizó un estudio de tipo descriptivo mediante la revisión de historias clínicas y
encuestas a las pacientes con preeclampsia que acuden a la Unidad Médica Municipal
Dr. Pomerio Cabrera León. Se obtuvo una incidencia de la preeclampsia del 3.06% en el
periodo estudiado y uno de los principales factores de riesgo que se presento fue el de la
edad mayores de 35 años en adelante con un 90% , seguido del desconocimiento de la
preeclampsia como enfermedad. Otro factor que influye es el entorno social de la
gestante además la deserción de los controles prenatales factor muy importante ya que
este conocimiento nos ayudara a prevenir complicaciones en el embarazo de una manera
oportuna.
Preeclampsia is a disorder that affects only human gestation, which profoundly alters the health conditions of the mother and her baby; This impact is not only in the short term, in terms of maternal or perinatal mortality, but also in the long term with neonatal morbidity, which implies premature births and the increase in the cardiovascular risk of mothers and children who present or are the product of gestations With PE. This disease is a Public Health problem due to the high rates of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. The increase in complications of preeclampsia is due to poor prenatal (CP) controls, lack of healthy nutrition, advanced age of the patient and lack of knowledge about the disease. In this research, a preventive educational strategy was designed for women with preeclampsia through the training of Health Professionals with the purpose of encouraging and guiding the pregnant woman to conclude her prenatal control in a subsequent and controlled manner. A descriptive study was carried out by reviewing clinical records and surveys of patients with preeclampsia who come to the Municipal Medical Unit Dr. Pomerio Cabrera León. An incidence of preeclampsia of 3.06% was obtained in the period studied and one of the main risk factors presented was age over 35 years old with 90%, followed by a lack of preeclampsia as a disease. Another factor that influences is the social environment of the pregnant also the desertion of the prenatal controls very important factor since this knowledge will help us to prevent complications in the pregnancy in a timely manner.
Preeclampsia is a disorder that affects only human gestation, which profoundly alters the health conditions of the mother and her baby; This impact is not only in the short term, in terms of maternal or perinatal mortality, but also in the long term with neonatal morbidity, which implies premature births and the increase in the cardiovascular risk of mothers and children who present or are the product of gestations With PE. This disease is a Public Health problem due to the high rates of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. The increase in complications of preeclampsia is due to poor prenatal (CP) controls, lack of healthy nutrition, advanced age of the patient and lack of knowledge about the disease. In this research, a preventive educational strategy was designed for women with preeclampsia through the training of Health Professionals with the purpose of encouraging and guiding the pregnant woman to conclude her prenatal control in a subsequent and controlled manner. A descriptive study was carried out by reviewing clinical records and surveys of patients with preeclampsia who come to the Municipal Medical Unit Dr. Pomerio Cabrera León. An incidence of preeclampsia of 3.06% was obtained in the period studied and one of the main risk factors presented was age over 35 years old with 90%, followed by a lack of preeclampsia as a disease. Another factor that influences is the social environment of the pregnant also the desertion of the prenatal controls very important factor since this knowledge will help us to prevent complications in the pregnancy in a timely manner.
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Factores predisponentes, Preeclampsia, Complicaciones del embarazo, Programas educativos, Unidad Médica Municipal Dr. Pomero Cabrera León, Parroquia Puerto Bolívar, Cantón Machala, Ecuador, Mujeres embarazadas