Correlación insomnio y síntomas psicóticos en pacientes con esquizofrenia
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2019
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
Resumen
En la esquizofrenia y cuadros psicóticos relacionados son trastornos complejos
cuyos tiempos de inicio varían con debut precoz de la enfermedad, o uno tardío,
es importante establecer si el insomnio se presenta como un factor prodrómico de
exacerbación psicótica, debido a las consecuencias devastadoras que impactan la
calidad de vida, y las habilidades sociales. El objetivo de la investigación fue
establecer la correlación insomnio y síntomas psicóticos en pacientes con
esquizofrenia. La metodología empleada fue tipo observacional, analítica,
retrospectiva y de corte transversal, que incluyó a 629 pacientes con esquizofrenia
del área de emergencias y de hospitalización del Instituto de Neurociencias
durante el periodo del 1 de enero hasta el 31 de diciembre del 2018. La gestión de
datos se realizó en hojas de cálculo de Microsoft Excel 2010, donde se realizó el
procesamiento de la información y para el análisis estadístico se empleó el
programa SPSS versión 21, empleando estadística de tipo descriptiva e
inferencial, con un nivel de confianza del 95%. Los resultados demuestran que el
sexo masculino fue el más afectado (73%), siendo el grupo etario de 20-40 años
de edad el de mayor frecuencia con el 49%. La edad media del grupo analizado
fue de 26,84 años (DE+- 4,977). La prevalencia de insomnio en los pacientes con
esquizofrenia de esta investigación fue del 69% (432). Los principales síntomas
psicóticos en los pacientes con esquizofrenia del estudio fueron las alucinaciones
(100%) y los delirios (100%). Se encontró 82% de factores de riesgo en los
pacientes. Los principales factores de riesgo presentes fueron la depresión (43%),
sexo masculino (28%) y tener historia familiar de psicosis (15%). Existe
asociación estadística del insomnio con depresión (p=0.001), sexo masculino
(p=0.03) y y abusos de drogas (p=0.001). Se concluye que la depresión aumenta
el riesgo 11 veces más para desarrollar insomnio, el sexo masculino tiene
aumentado el riesgo 11 veces más para desarrollar insomnio y el abuso de drogas
aumenta el riesgo 5 veces más para desarrollar insomnio.
Schizophrenia and related psychotic symptoms are complex disorders whose onset times vary with early onset of the disease, or a delayed one, it is important to establish whether insomnia appears as a prodromal factor of psychotic exacerbation, due to the devastating consequences that impact the quality of life, and social skills. The objective of the research was to establish the correlation insomnia and psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. The methodology used was observational, analytical, retrospective and cross-sectional type, which included 629 patients with schizophrenia from the emergency and hospitalization departments of the Neurosciences Institute during the period from January 1 to December 31, 2018. Data management performed in Microsoft Excel 2010 spreadsheets, where the information was processed and for the statistical analysis the SPSS program version 21 was used, using descriptive and inferential statistics, with a confidence level of 95%. The results show that the male sex was the most affected (73%), being the age group of 20-40 years of age the most frequent with 49%. The average age of the group analyzed was 26.84 years (SD + - 4.977). The prevalence of insomnia in patients with schizophrenia in this study was 69% (432). The main psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia in the study were hallucinations (100%) and delusions (100%). 82% of risk factors were found in the patients. The main risk factors present were depression (43%), male gender (28%) and having a family history of psychosis (15%). There is a statistical association of insomnia with depression (p = 0.001), male sex (p = 0.03) and drug abuse (p = 0.001). It is concluded that depression increases the risk 11 times more to develop insomnia, the male sex has increased the risk 11 times more to develop insomnia and drug abuse increases the risk 5 times more to develop insomnia.
Schizophrenia and related psychotic symptoms are complex disorders whose onset times vary with early onset of the disease, or a delayed one, it is important to establish whether insomnia appears as a prodromal factor of psychotic exacerbation, due to the devastating consequences that impact the quality of life, and social skills. The objective of the research was to establish the correlation insomnia and psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. The methodology used was observational, analytical, retrospective and cross-sectional type, which included 629 patients with schizophrenia from the emergency and hospitalization departments of the Neurosciences Institute during the period from January 1 to December 31, 2018. Data management performed in Microsoft Excel 2010 spreadsheets, where the information was processed and for the statistical analysis the SPSS program version 21 was used, using descriptive and inferential statistics, with a confidence level of 95%. The results show that the male sex was the most affected (73%), being the age group of 20-40 years of age the most frequent with 49%. The average age of the group analyzed was 26.84 years (SD + - 4.977). The prevalence of insomnia in patients with schizophrenia in this study was 69% (432). The main psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia in the study were hallucinations (100%) and delusions (100%). 82% of risk factors were found in the patients. The main risk factors present were depression (43%), male gender (28%) and having a family history of psychosis (15%). There is a statistical association of insomnia with depression (p = 0.001), male sex (p = 0.03) and drug abuse (p = 0.001). It is concluded that depression increases the risk 11 times more to develop insomnia, the male sex has increased the risk 11 times more to develop insomnia and drug abuse increases the risk 5 times more to develop insomnia.
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ESQUIZOFRENIA, TRASTORNOS DE LA INICIACION Y MANTENCION DEL SUÑO, SINTOMAS PSICOTICOS, CALIDAD DE VIDAS, ESTUDIOS RETROSPECTIVOS, INSTITUTO DE NEUROCIENCIA, CANTON GUAYAQUIL, ECUADOR cuador