Neumonía bacteriana multirresistente en Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos del Hospital Eugenio Espejo
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2018
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Medicina
Resumen
La neumonía es una infección del parénquima pulmonar responsable de importantes tasas de morbilidad y mortalidad; en la estancia en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos se pueden distinguir la neumonía asociada a broncoaspiración, cirugías previas y ventilación mecánica. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo de corte transversal para determinar la prevalencia de neumonía bacteriana multirresistente en unidad de cuidados intensivos del Hospital de Especialidades Eugenio Espejo de Quito, utilizando las variables edad, sexo, diagnóstico etiológico, mortalidad y días de estancia hospitalaria para complementar la investigación. El universo estará representado por la totalidad de pacientes con diagnóstico etiológico de bacterias multirresistentes en el año 2017.Se empleó el estadístico Chi-cuadrado para realizar la prueba de hipótesis utilizando tablas de contingencia del programa Excel, se estudiaron 87 pacientes de los cuales23 (26%) presentaron multirresistencia bacteriana y 64 (74%), no presentaron multirresistencia bacteriana, teniendo en cuenta que un mismo paciente presenta más de un factor de riesgo a la vez, el 86,96% tuvo ventilación mecánica, 13,04% bronco aspiración y 65,22% cirugía previa, además el 52% fueron mujeres y el 48% varones.Analizando los valores de los cálculos de X2= 4,460 podemos observar que es menor que el de X2 (0,05; 2)= 5,991; con un valor P 0,107, por lo que se puede determinar que existe información estadísticamente relevante para no rechazar la hipótesis nula.
Pneumonia is an infection of the lung parenchyma responsible for important morbidity and mortality rates; During the stay in the Intensive Care Unit, pneumonia associated with bronchoaspiration, previous surgeries and mechanical ventilation can be distinguished. A retrospective, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of multiresistant bacterial pneumonia in the intensive care unit of the Eugenio Espejo Hospital of Specialties of Quito, using the variables age, sex, etiological diagnosis, mortality and days of hospital stay to complement the investigation. The universe will be represented by all patients with etiological diagnosis of multiresistant bacteria in 2017. The Chi-square statistic was used to perform the hypothesis test using Excel program contingency tables, 87 patients were studied, of which 23 ( 26%) presented bacterial multiresistance and 64 (74%), did not present bacterial multiresistance, taking into account that the same patient has more than one risk factor at a time, 86.96% had mechanical ventilation, 13.04% bronco aspiration and 65.22% previous surgery, in addition, 52% were women and 48% were men. Analyzing the values of the calculations of X2 = 4.460 we can see that it is smaller than that of X2 (0.05; 2) = 5.991; with a value P 0.107, so it can be determined that there is statistically relevant information to not reject the null hypothesis.
Pneumonia is an infection of the lung parenchyma responsible for important morbidity and mortality rates; During the stay in the Intensive Care Unit, pneumonia associated with bronchoaspiration, previous surgeries and mechanical ventilation can be distinguished. A retrospective, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of multiresistant bacterial pneumonia in the intensive care unit of the Eugenio Espejo Hospital of Specialties of Quito, using the variables age, sex, etiological diagnosis, mortality and days of hospital stay to complement the investigation. The universe will be represented by all patients with etiological diagnosis of multiresistant bacteria in 2017. The Chi-square statistic was used to perform the hypothesis test using Excel program contingency tables, 87 patients were studied, of which 23 ( 26%) presented bacterial multiresistance and 64 (74%), did not present bacterial multiresistance, taking into account that the same patient has more than one risk factor at a time, 86.96% had mechanical ventilation, 13.04% bronco aspiration and 65.22% previous surgery, in addition, 52% were women and 48% were men. Analyzing the values of the calculations of X2 = 4.460 we can see that it is smaller than that of X2 (0.05; 2) = 5.991; with a value P 0.107, so it can be determined that there is statistically relevant information to not reject the null hypothesis.
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Neumonía bacteriana, Cirugía, Diagnóstico etiológico, Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos, Hospital de Especialidades Eugenio Espejo, Cantón Quito, Ecuador