Determinar los factores que predisponen una crisis de hipertensiva en pacientes adultos jóvenes diabéticos
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2016
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
Resumen
La prevalencia de la hipertensión en jóvenes adultos diabéticos se encuentra constantemente en aumento, al igual que sus complicaciones graves, especialmente en los sujetos con mal control de las cifras de presión arterial, su incidencia repercute en enfermedades, cardiovasculares, renales,. La obesidad, hábitos tóxicos como beber en exceso, fumar, comer grasas, golosinas, azúcares, el sedentarismo, inasistencia a los controles médicos desencadenan inminentes alteraciones en su presión. Sujetos: se realizó encuestas a 40 pacientes jóvenes adultos diabéticos que acudieron al área de emergencia del Hospital Pablo Arturo Suarez adicionalmente se realizó encuestas a 20 Enfermeros/as del área para medir sus conocimientos sobre crisis hipertensiva. Metodología: El estudio es cuantitativo, analítico observacional retrospectivo de corte transversal cuyo nivel de investigación es el descriptivo en 40 pacientes, donde se medirán los porcentajes los factores que predisponen a una crisis hipertensiva según los datos obtenidos de los pacientes, los datos fueron analizados con el uso de los programas Excel para su codificación, para su análisis de frecuencias porcentajes con SPSS ver. 20.Resultados: El sexo femenino fue mayor 65%;,edades entre los 18 a 35 años con prevalencia desde los 26 años. La presión en el 85% fue alta 120/139;.62,5% si poseen antecedentes familiares de presión alta; 37,5% no.35% de los pacientes antecedentes de diabetes;22,5% tienen obesidad; 55% con hábito de fumar 5%;52,5% tienen al enalapril como su medicamento de elección y 47,5% losartan; y 35% de ellos se automedican. Conclusiones: Entre los factores que predisponen a una crisis hipertensiva, son la discontinuidad del tratamiento, automedicación, el no control regular de la presión, falta de ejercicio, los hábitos tóxicos, y los antecedentes familiares. Lo que demuestra que el desconocimiento de los pacientes, en muchos casos sobre los problemas desencadenantes de un mal control de la hipertensión sumado al problema de diabetes desnivela los valores de glucosa, presión sanguínea, arterial factores desencadenantes de una crisis hipertensiva y las consecuentes problemas cardiovasculares, renales, y de cerebro. Se recomienda una mejor interacción entre el profesional de la salud con el paciente para que este informado de aquellos factores que provocarían una crisis hipertensiva a la vez una mayor capacitación de aquellos profesionales que realizan la atención primaria de estos pacientes.
The prevalence of hypertension in young adults with diabetes is constantly increasing, like its severe, especially in patients with poor control of blood pressure complications, incidence affects diseases, cardiovascular, kidney . Obesity, toxic habits such as drinking, smoking, eating fats, sweets, sugar, physical inactivity, failure to attend medical checks trigger imminent changes in pressure. Subjects: surveys 40 young adult diabetic patients who attended the emergency area of the Hospital Pablo Arturo Suarez further surveys were conducted to 20 nurses / as the area to measure their knowledge hypertensive crisis was performed. Methodology: The study is quantitative, the percentages are measured factors that predispose a hypertensive crisis according to data obtained from patients, data were analyzed using the Excel program for codification, for frequency analysis percentages with SPSS see. 20.Resultados: The female was higher 65% ;, aged 18 to 35 years with prevalence from 26 years. The pressure was high 120/139 85%; 62.5% if they have a family history of high blood pressure; 37.5% no.35% of the background diabetes patients; 22.5% are obese; 55% with smoking 5%; 52.5% have at enalapril as their drug of choice and 47.5% losartan; and 35% of them are self-medicating. Conclusions: Among the factors that predispose a hypertensive crisis, are the discontinuance of treatment, self-medication, non regular monitoring of the pressure, lack of exercise, toxic habits, and family history. This shows that the lack of patients, in many cases on the triggers problems of poor control of hypertension in addition to the problem of diabetes unlevels glucose levels, blood pressure, blood triggers a hypertensive crisis and consequent cardiovascular problems , kidney, and brain. better interaction between the health professional with the patient is recommended for this reported those factors that would cause a crisis hypertensive while increased training of those professionals who perform the primary care of these patients.
The prevalence of hypertension in young adults with diabetes is constantly increasing, like its severe, especially in patients with poor control of blood pressure complications, incidence affects diseases, cardiovascular, kidney . Obesity, toxic habits such as drinking, smoking, eating fats, sweets, sugar, physical inactivity, failure to attend medical checks trigger imminent changes in pressure. Subjects: surveys 40 young adult diabetic patients who attended the emergency area of the Hospital Pablo Arturo Suarez further surveys were conducted to 20 nurses / as the area to measure their knowledge hypertensive crisis was performed. Methodology: The study is quantitative, the percentages are measured factors that predispose a hypertensive crisis according to data obtained from patients, data were analyzed using the Excel program for codification, for frequency analysis percentages with SPSS see. 20.Resultados: The female was higher 65% ;, aged 18 to 35 years with prevalence from 26 years. The pressure was high 120/139 85%; 62.5% if they have a family history of high blood pressure; 37.5% no.35% of the background diabetes patients; 22.5% are obese; 55% with smoking 5%; 52.5% have at enalapril as their drug of choice and 47.5% losartan; and 35% of them are self-medicating. Conclusions: Among the factors that predispose a hypertensive crisis, are the discontinuance of treatment, self-medication, non regular monitoring of the pressure, lack of exercise, toxic habits, and family history. This shows that the lack of patients, in many cases on the triggers problems of poor control of hypertension in addition to the problem of diabetes unlevels glucose levels, blood pressure, blood triggers a hypertensive crisis and consequent cardiovascular problems , kidney, and brain. better interaction between the health professional with the patient is recommended for this reported those factors that would cause a crisis hypertensive while increased training of those professionals who perform the primary care of these patients.
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Crisis hipertensiva, Diabetes mellitus, Epidemiología analítica, Epidemiología descriptiva, Hospital General Pablo Arturo Suárez, Cantón Quito, Ecuador, Estudios retrospectivos, Adulto joven