Caracterización de la percepción del estado nutricional en pacientes con enfermedades crónico no transmisibles
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Fecha
2023
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Tecnología Médica
Resumen
Las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles (ECNT) constituyen un
problema de salud pública de gran magnitud, y la percepción del estado
nutricional juega un papel fundamental en el manejo de estas condiciones. El
objetivo principal de este estudio fue caracterizar la percepción del estado
nutricional en pacientes con ECNT atendidos en el Centro de Salud Bastión
Popular tipo C y analizar su concordancia con la interpretación objetiva del índice
de masa corporal (IMC). La percepción del estado nutricional se valoró a través
de una pregunta estructurada. Se evaluó a un total de 31 pacientes, Se valoraron
un total de 31 pacientes con una media de edad de 47,97 ± 12,95 años, de los
cuales 19 (61,3%) fueron de sexo femenino y el 51,6% (n = 16) padecía
hipertensión arterial. El 38,7% (n = 12) de los sujetos presentaba sobrepeso,
mientras que el 51,6% (n=16) de los pacientes percibieron su estado nutricional
como normal; el 48,4% (n=15) de los pacientes subestimaron su estado
nutricional. Se encontró que la concordancia entre la percepción del estado
nutricional y el estado nutricional objetivo según IMC fue baja o regular según el
valor de Kappa de Cohen de 0,305. La percepción del estado nutricional fue
subestimada y tenía una concordancia baja con el estado nutricional objetivo.
Palabras clave:
Estado nutricional, Enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles, Obesidad,
Percepción.
Abstract Chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) constitute a public health problem of great magnitude, and the perception of nutritional status plays a fundamental role in the management of these conditions. The main objective of this study was to characterize the perception of nutritional status in patients with CNCD treated at the Bastión Popular Type C Health Center and to analyze its agreement with the objective interpretation of the body mass index (BMI). The perception of nutritional status was assessed through a structured question. A total of 31 patients were evaluated. A total of 31 patients with a mean age of 47.97 ± 12.95 years were evaluated, of which 19 (61.3%) were female and 51.6 % (n = 16) suffered from arterial hypertension. 38.7% (n=12) of the subjects were overweight, while 51.6% (n=16) of the patients perceived their nutritional status as normal; 48.4% (n=15) of the patients underestimated their nutritional status. It was found that the concordance between the perception of nutritional status and the objective nutritional status according to BMI was low or regular according to Cohen's Kappa value of 0.305. Perceived nutritional status was underestimated and had low agreement with objective nutritional status. Keywords: Nutritional status, Non-communicable chronic diseases, Obesity, Perception
Abstract Chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) constitute a public health problem of great magnitude, and the perception of nutritional status plays a fundamental role in the management of these conditions. The main objective of this study was to characterize the perception of nutritional status in patients with CNCD treated at the Bastión Popular Type C Health Center and to analyze its agreement with the objective interpretation of the body mass index (BMI). The perception of nutritional status was assessed through a structured question. A total of 31 patients were evaluated. A total of 31 patients with a mean age of 47.97 ± 12.95 years were evaluated, of which 19 (61.3%) were female and 51.6 % (n = 16) suffered from arterial hypertension. 38.7% (n=12) of the subjects were overweight, while 51.6% (n=16) of the patients perceived their nutritional status as normal; 48.4% (n=15) of the patients underestimated their nutritional status. It was found that the concordance between the perception of nutritional status and the objective nutritional status according to BMI was low or regular according to Cohen's Kappa value of 0.305. Perceived nutritional status was underestimated and had low agreement with objective nutritional status. Keywords: Nutritional status, Non-communicable chronic diseases, Obesity, Perception
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Palabras clave
ESTADO NUTRICIONAL, ENFERMEDAD CRONICA, CENTRO DE SALUD BASTIÓN POPULAR, CANTON GUAYAQUIL, ECUADOR