Caracterización del traumatismo craneoencefálico en el Servicio de Emergencia, Hospital IESS de Portoviejo
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2016
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
Resumen
Los traumatismos craneoencefálicos (TCE) por el elevado índice de mortalidad, discapacidad y la prolongada hospitalización que conllevan son considerados como importantes en el ámbito de la Salud Pública. Con el objetivo de determinar las características de los traumatismos craneoencefálicos en usuarios que fueron atendidos en el servicio de emergencia del hospital del IESS de Portoviejo se realizó un estudio de tipo descriptivo, retrospectivo de enero 2015 a junio 2016. La población de estudio fueron 42 pacientes que ingresaron a emergencia con diagnóstico de TCE. De los atendidos predominaron los afiliados del Seguro Social Campesino, por grupos de edad los de 20 a 39 y 40 a 59 y por sexo el masculino. El estado de TCE grave fue el más frecuente. Los accidentes de tránsito y las caídas fueron las principales causas del TCE. Las lesiones craneoencefálicas que fueron más frecuentes fueron las intracraneales y de estas las contusiones y la hemorragia intraparenquimatosa, para las caídas laborales o domésticas fue similar esta situación. El 60% de los pacientes de acuerdo a la gravedad del trauma recibieron tratamiento médico clínico contra el 40 % que fueron con tratamiento neuro quirúrgico. La evolución al egreso fue del 31% buena recuperación, el 19% incapacidad moderada, el 12% incapacidad grave, el 7% estado vegetativo y la mortalidad fue del 7%. El promedio días estada en hospitalización fue 20 días. Se recomienda la activación de investigaciones que busquen asociación entre algunos factores de riesgo y como institución los programas de promoción y prevención de factores de riesgo del TCE.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) by the high rate of mortality, disability and involving prolonged hospitalization are considered important in the field of Public Health. In order to determine the characteristics of head injury by users who were treated in the hospital emergency IESS Portoviejo a study descriptive, retrospective from January 2015 to June 2016. The study population was carried out were 42 patients They admitted to emergency diagnosis of TCE. Of the members they attended predominated Campesino Social Security, the age group of 20-39 and 40-59 and the male sex. The state of severe head injury was the most frequent. Traffic accidents and falls were the leading causes of TBI. The craniocerebral injuries were most frequent were intracranial and these bruises and intracranial hemorrhage, for industrial or domestic falls was like this. 60% of patients according to the severity of the trauma received medical treatment clinical 40% who were with neuro surgical treatment. The evolution at discharge was 31% good recovery, 19% moderate disability, 12% severe disability, vegetative state 7% and mortality was 7%. The average stay was 20 days in hospital days. activation of research seeking association between certain risk factors and institution promotion programs and prevention of risk factors TEC recommended.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) by the high rate of mortality, disability and involving prolonged hospitalization are considered important in the field of Public Health. In order to determine the characteristics of head injury by users who were treated in the hospital emergency IESS Portoviejo a study descriptive, retrospective from January 2015 to June 2016. The study population was carried out were 42 patients They admitted to emergency diagnosis of TCE. Of the members they attended predominated Campesino Social Security, the age group of 20-39 and 40-59 and the male sex. The state of severe head injury was the most frequent. Traffic accidents and falls were the leading causes of TBI. The craniocerebral injuries were most frequent were intracranial and these bruises and intracranial hemorrhage, for industrial or domestic falls was like this. 60% of patients according to the severity of the trauma received medical treatment clinical 40% who were with neuro surgical treatment. The evolution at discharge was 31% good recovery, 19% moderate disability, 12% severe disability, vegetative state 7% and mortality was 7%. The average stay was 20 days in hospital days. activation of research seeking association between certain risk factors and institution promotion programs and prevention of risk factors TEC recommended.
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TRAUMATISMO CRANEOCEREBRALES, EPIDEMIOLOGÍA DESCRIPTIVA, ESTUDIOS RETROSPECTIVOS, HOSPITAL DE IESS PORTOVIEJO, SERVICIO DE URGENCIAS EN HOSPITAL, CANTÓN PORTOVIEJO, ECUADOR