Enterocolitis necrotizante factores de riesgo y complicaciones estudio realizado en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales del Hospital de Especialidades Dr. Abel Gilbert Pontón 2014 -2015
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2016
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Medicina
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La enterocolitis necrotizantes es la patología gastrointestinal adquirida más común y grave durante la etapa neonatal. Se caracteriza por necrosis isquémica, inflamatoria y extensa de la mucosa gastrointestinal, su etiología continua siendo desconocida por lo que múltiples autores en que esta es el resultado final de un proceso multifactorial. Su incidencia a nivel mundial en los últimos años es del 5-10% en recién nacidos pretérmino con un peso inferior 1.500g, cuyas cifrar aumentan al 15%. En nuestro medio la red NEOCUSUR, en la cual se agrupan 21 unidades de cuidados intensivos neonatales de américa latina la incidencia es de 11%. Aunque es una patología conocida hace décadas, su etiología sigue siendo desconocida, por lo cual múltiples autores concuerdan en que esta patología, es el producto final de un proceso multifactorial. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo determinar los factores de riesgo en el desarrollo de enterocolitis necrotizante y sus complicaciones en neonatos ingresados en el área de UCIN del Hospital de Especialidades Abel Gilbert Pontón, en el año 2014 – 2015. Se realizó un estudio de tipo descriptivo, retrospectivo, de corte transversal. De 95 paciente que ingresaron en la unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales en el periodo 2014-2015. El sexo más afectado con esta patología es el masculino con 53%, el grupo de edad comprendido entre 11-20 días son los más afectados con un 48% correspondiente a 46 pacientes de los 95. El factor de riesgo más frecuente es la prematuridad que se presentó en 90 pacientes de los 95 y la complicación más frecuente es la sepsis neonatal presente en 46 pacientes con un 87%.la edad gestacional se comprende con mayor frecuencia entre 31-34 semanas, la complicación que se presentó con mayor frecuencia es la sepsis neonatal la cual se presentó en 90 de los 95 pacientes.
Necrotizing enterocolitis is a gastrointestinal pathology acquired the most common and severe during the neonatal period. It is characterized by ischemic necrosis, inflammatory and gastrointestinal mucosa extensive, its continuous etiology remains unknown so multiple authors that this is the end result of a multifactorial process. Its incidence worldwide in recent years is 5-10% in preterm infants weighing less than 1500g, whose encrypt increase to 15%. In our setting NEOCUSUR network, in which 21 neonatal intensive care units in Latin America the incidence is 11% are grouped. Although it is a disease known for decades, its etiology remains unknown, so multiple authors agree that this pathology is the end product of a multifactorial process. This study aims to determine the risk factors in the development of necrotizing enterocolitis and its complications in infants admitted to the NICU area Specialty Hospital Abel Gilbert Ponton, in 2014 - 2015. A descriptive study was conducted, retrospective, cross-sectional. 95 patients admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit in the period 2014-2015. The most affected with this condition is the male sex with 53%, the group aged between 11-20 days are the most affected with 48% for 46 patients of 95. The most common risk factor is that prematurity occurred in 90 patients of 95 and the most frequent complication is neonatal sepsis in 46 patients with 87% .la gestational age is understood most often between 31-34 weeks, the complication occurred more often the neonatal sepsis which occurred in 90 of 95 patients
Necrotizing enterocolitis is a gastrointestinal pathology acquired the most common and severe during the neonatal period. It is characterized by ischemic necrosis, inflammatory and gastrointestinal mucosa extensive, its continuous etiology remains unknown so multiple authors that this is the end result of a multifactorial process. Its incidence worldwide in recent years is 5-10% in preterm infants weighing less than 1500g, whose encrypt increase to 15%. In our setting NEOCUSUR network, in which 21 neonatal intensive care units in Latin America the incidence is 11% are grouped. Although it is a disease known for decades, its etiology remains unknown, so multiple authors agree that this pathology is the end product of a multifactorial process. This study aims to determine the risk factors in the development of necrotizing enterocolitis and its complications in infants admitted to the NICU area Specialty Hospital Abel Gilbert Ponton, in 2014 - 2015. A descriptive study was conducted, retrospective, cross-sectional. 95 patients admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit in the period 2014-2015. The most affected with this condition is the male sex with 53%, the group aged between 11-20 days are the most affected with 48% for 46 patients of 95. The most common risk factor is that prematurity occurred in 90 patients of 95 and the most frequent complication is neonatal sepsis in 46 patients with 87% .la gestational age is understood most often between 31-34 weeks, the complication occurred more often the neonatal sepsis which occurred in 90 of 95 patients
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Enterocolitis necrotizante, Prematuro, Epidemiología descriptiva, Estudios retrospectivos, Hospital de Especialidades Guayaquil Dr. Abel Gilbert Pontón, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador, Unidades de Cuidado Intensivo Neonatal