Efecto de los extractos botánicos para el control del caracol (achatina fulica) en el cultivo de arroz (oriza sativa)
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2013
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La presente investigación se llevó a cabo en la provincia de El Oro, en el laboratorio de Entomología de la Universidad Técnica de Machala, con el propósito de: evaluar la efectividad de tres extractos botánicos neem, ají y ajo para el control del caracol Achatina fulica en el cultivo de arroz, estimar la cantidad de caracoles presentes en una hectárea y realizar el análisis económico de los tratamientos reflejado en la producción del cultivo de arroz.
Los tratamientos fueron 9: T1 (Neem 30cc/l), T2 (Neem 50cc/l), T3 (Ají 30cc/l), T4 (Ají 50cc/l), T5 (Ajo 30cc/l), T6 (Ajo 50cc/l), T7 (Matababosa 20g/l), T8 (Matababosa 30g/l), T9 (Testigo). El diseño experimental fue bloques al azar con tres repeticiones, para el análisis de variancia se utilizó el cuadrado medio esperado y se comparó por medio de la prueba de Duncan con un nivel de probabilidad del 5%.
Para evaluar la efectividad de los extractos botánicos se realizaron tres ensayos en un lapso de 6 semanas, el primero y segundo ensayo no presento efectos de mortalidad , a excepción del tratamiento químico Matababosa que fue eficaz con la dosis de 20 y 30g/l.
En el tercer ensayo se utilizó dosis de (120-150cc/l), el caracol de estudio fue Pomacea canaliculata, los extractos de neem obtuvieron el mejor resultado alcanzando el 100% mortalidad.
El diagnostico de campo se lo realizo en el cantón Daule del sector “Plan América”, como resultado un promedio de 26 caracoles/m2, con mayor presencia el estado joven (25-44 días) con diámetros de (2.6-4 cm).
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Para el análisis económico, se determinó los costos y efectividad de los tratamientos, los que sobresalieron fueron el Matababosa y Neem, en lo que respeta a la eficacia, se concluye señalando que el producto químico en el ambiente causara impactos negativos en el ecosistema, siendo lo contrario al extracto de neem que actúa como repelente a otras plagas, evitando menor uso de plaguicidas y menos contaminación en el ambiente.
This research was conducted in the province of El Oro, in the laboratory of Entomology, Technical University of Machala, in order to: assess the effectiveness of three botanical extracts neem, pepper and garlic to control the snail Achatina fulica in the cultivation of rice, estimate the number of snails present in one hectare and perform economic analysis of treatment reflected in the production of rice. Treatments were 9: T1 (Neem 30cc / l), T2 (Neem 50cc / l), T3 (Aji 30cc / l), T4 (Aji 50cc / l), T5 (Garlic 30cc / l), T6 (Garlic 50cc / l), T7 (Matababosa 20g / l), T8 (Matababosa 30g / l), T9 (Control). The experimental design was a randomized block with three replications for analysis of variance was used the expected mean square and compared by Duncan test with a probability level of 5%. To evaluate the effectiveness of botanical extracts three trials were conducted over a period of six weeks, the first and second trial did not present mortality effects, except Matababosa chemical treatment was effective at a dose of 20 to 30g / l. In the third test dose was used (120-150cc / l), the study was snail Pomacea canaliculata, neem extracts obtained the best result reaching 100% mortality. The diagnosis of field we perform in the canton sector Daule "American Plan" resulted in an average of 26 caracoles/m2, the state with the largest young (25-44 days) with diameters of (2.6-4 cm). For the economic analysis, it was determined the costs and effectiveness of treatments, which stood out were the Neem Matababosa and in what XX respects to the effectiveness, concludes that the chemical in the environment cause negative impacts on the ecosystem, being Otherwise the neem extract and also acts as a repellent to other pests, avoiding the farmer to buy products pesticides and generating to a healthy environment.
This research was conducted in the province of El Oro, in the laboratory of Entomology, Technical University of Machala, in order to: assess the effectiveness of three botanical extracts neem, pepper and garlic to control the snail Achatina fulica in the cultivation of rice, estimate the number of snails present in one hectare and perform economic analysis of treatment reflected in the production of rice. Treatments were 9: T1 (Neem 30cc / l), T2 (Neem 50cc / l), T3 (Aji 30cc / l), T4 (Aji 50cc / l), T5 (Garlic 30cc / l), T6 (Garlic 50cc / l), T7 (Matababosa 20g / l), T8 (Matababosa 30g / l), T9 (Control). The experimental design was a randomized block with three replications for analysis of variance was used the expected mean square and compared by Duncan test with a probability level of 5%. To evaluate the effectiveness of botanical extracts three trials were conducted over a period of six weeks, the first and second trial did not present mortality effects, except Matababosa chemical treatment was effective at a dose of 20 to 30g / l. In the third test dose was used (120-150cc / l), the study was snail Pomacea canaliculata, neem extracts obtained the best result reaching 100% mortality. The diagnosis of field we perform in the canton sector Daule "American Plan" resulted in an average of 26 caracoles/m2, the state with the largest young (25-44 days) with diameters of (2.6-4 cm). For the economic analysis, it was determined the costs and effectiveness of treatments, which stood out were the Neem Matababosa and in what XX respects to the effectiveness, concludes that the chemical in the environment cause negative impacts on the ecosystem, being Otherwise the neem extract and also acts as a repellent to other pests, avoiding the farmer to buy products pesticides and generating to a healthy environment.
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EXTRACTOS BOTÁNICO, ACHATINA FULICA