Analgesia epidural y oxido nitroso en el trabajo de parto resultados obstétricos y neonatales, Hospital Alfredo G. Paulson
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2019
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
Resumen
El trabajo de parto es un proceso que causara dolor a la gestante ya que debido al umbral de dolor que tiene la contracción uterina ocasionara que la paciente presente dolor por lo que es necesario buscar alternativas para aliviar el dolor durante el trabajo de parto y una de ellas es utilizar óxido nitroso y analgesia epidural. El objetivo general de esta investigación es conocer el resultado perinatal en gestantes que fueron sometidas a Analgesia Epidural y Óxido nitroso.
El presente estudio es de tipo descriptivo, diseño de investigación de tipo Retrospectivo y transversal con una población de 107 pacientes que acudieron a la sala de trabajo de parto y una muestra final de 85 pacientes que utilizaron analgesia epidural y óxido nitroso. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Como resultado de la investigación se obtuvo que el 75,3 % de las gestantes que usaron analgesia epidural y óxido nitroso no presentaron complicaciones obstétricas, el 13% restante presento Hipotonía uterina, Desgarro perineal, Laceraciones vaginales, desprendimiento placentario y sufrimiento fetal.
En el análisis el 90,6 % de los neonatos nacieron sin depresión (Apgar normal) de este porcentaje el 48 % corresponde a los neonatos donde las gestantes utilizaron analgesia epidural y el 42% corresponde a los neonatos donde la gestante utilizo óxido nitroso. La depresión moderada se presentó en el 1,2% con el uso de analgesia epidural y el 6% con el uso de óxido nitroso. Mientars que la depresión severa se presentó en el 1,2 % con el uso de analgesia epidural y en el 1,2 % con el uso de óxido nitroso.
El análisis estadístico por medio de la prueba de Chi cuadrado nos dio como resultados que no se encuentra asociación de estas variables por lo que podemos concluir que la analgesia durante el trabajo de parto bien administrado no presentara efectos secundarios adversos para la madre y el feto. El uso del óxido nitroso y la analgesia epidural aplicado en dosis correcta y por un profesional capacitado no tiene repercusiones en el trabajo de parto y tampoco afecta al neonato por lo que su uso es seguro.
Labor is a process that will cause pain to the pregnant woman because due to the threshold of pain that the uterine contraction causes the patient to have pain so it is necessary to look for alternatives to relieve pain during labor and one of They are using nitrous oxide and epidural analgesia. The general objective of this research is to know the perinatal outcome in pregnant women who underwent Epidural Analgesia and Nitrous Oxide. The present study is descriptive, Retrospective and cross-sectional research design with a population of 107 patients who went to the labor room and a final sample of 85 patients who used epidural analgesia and nitrous oxide. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used. As a result of the investigation, it was obtained that 75.3% of the pregnant women who used epidural analgesia and nitrous oxide did not present obstetric complications, the remaining 13% had uterine hypotonia, perineal tear, vaginal lacerations, placental detachment and fetal distress. In the analysis, 90.6% of the neonates were born without depression (Apgar normal) of this percentage, 48% corresponds to the neonates where the pregnant women used epidural analgesia and 42% corresponds to the neonates where the pregnant woman used nitrous oxide. Moderate depression occurred in 1.2% with the use of epidural analgesia and 6% with the use of nitrous oxide. While severe depression occurred in 1.2% with the use of epidural analgesia and 1.2% with the use of nitrous oxide. The statistical analysis by means of the Chi-square test gave us the results that there is no association of these variables, so we can conclude that analgesia during well-managed labor will not present adverse side effects for the mother and the fetus. The use of nitrous oxide and epidural analgesia applied in the correct dose and by a trained professional has no repercussions in labor and does not affect the newborn so its use is safe.
Labor is a process that will cause pain to the pregnant woman because due to the threshold of pain that the uterine contraction causes the patient to have pain so it is necessary to look for alternatives to relieve pain during labor and one of They are using nitrous oxide and epidural analgesia. The general objective of this research is to know the perinatal outcome in pregnant women who underwent Epidural Analgesia and Nitrous Oxide. The present study is descriptive, Retrospective and cross-sectional research design with a population of 107 patients who went to the labor room and a final sample of 85 patients who used epidural analgesia and nitrous oxide. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used. As a result of the investigation, it was obtained that 75.3% of the pregnant women who used epidural analgesia and nitrous oxide did not present obstetric complications, the remaining 13% had uterine hypotonia, perineal tear, vaginal lacerations, placental detachment and fetal distress. In the analysis, 90.6% of the neonates were born without depression (Apgar normal) of this percentage, 48% corresponds to the neonates where the pregnant women used epidural analgesia and 42% corresponds to the neonates where the pregnant woman used nitrous oxide. Moderate depression occurred in 1.2% with the use of epidural analgesia and 6% with the use of nitrous oxide. While severe depression occurred in 1.2% with the use of epidural analgesia and 1.2% with the use of nitrous oxide. The statistical analysis by means of the Chi-square test gave us the results that there is no association of these variables, so we can conclude that analgesia during well-managed labor will not present adverse side effects for the mother and the fetus. The use of nitrous oxide and epidural analgesia applied in the correct dose and by a trained professional has no repercussions in labor and does not affect the newborn so its use is safe.
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COMPLICACIONES NEONATALES, TRABAJO DE PARTO, ANALGESIA EPIDURAL, REGISTRO CARDIOTOCOGRAFICO, OXIDO NITROSO, EPIDEMIOLOGIA DESCRIPTIVA, HOSPITAL DE LA MUJER ALFREDO G. PAULSON, CANTON GUAYAQUIL, ECUADOR