Hábitos alimentarios y su relación con el estado nutricional en pacientes con diagnóstico de vih
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2020
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Tecnología Médica
Resumen
El Virus de Inmunodeficiencia Humana es una enfermedad que debilita el sistema
inmunitario, se presentan alteraciones digestivas, gusto o infecciones del tracto
gastrointestinal, produciendo dolor abdominal, vómitos, náuseas y diarreas, llegan a
limitar el consumo de alimentos reduciéndolos hasta un 30% acentuando la pérdida de
peso. El objetivo fue determinar hábitos alimentarios y su relación con el estado
nutricional en pacientes con diagnóstico de VIH. La metodología usada fue de diseño no
experimental, corte transversal con una muestra de 50 pacientes. Obteniendo como
resultado que el consumo de alimentos tiene una relación con el grupo de frutas
(p=0,0268*), cereales (p=<,0001*), carnes (p=0,0154*), grasas (p=0,0037*) y azúcares
(p=<,0001*) por lo que se puede interpretar que si existe significancia estadística en la
relación del estado nutricional de la población de estudio con la frecuencia de consumo
de estos grupos de alimentos. En la evaluación del estado nutricional se obtuvo un 68%
en normopeso, 18% con delgadez leve, 4 % con delgadez moderada, 2% con obesidad
grado I y 8% con sobrepeso. Concluyendo que en el presente estudio se debe destacar
que, a pesar de tener malos hábitos alimentarios existe un alto porcentaje de los pacientes
estudiados con normopeso.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus is a disease that weakens the immune system, digestive alterations, taste or infections of the gastrointestinal tract occur, producing abdominal pain, vomiting, nausea and diarrhea, they limit the consumption of food reducing them by up to 30% accentuating weight loss. The goal was to determine eating habits and their relationship to nutritional status in patients diagnosed with HIV. The methodology used was non-experimental design, cross-sectional with a sample of 50 patients. As a result, food consumption has a relationship with the fruit group (p-0.0268*), cereals (p- <,0001*), meats (p-0.0154*), fats (p-0.0037*) and sugars (p-<,0001*) so it can be interpreted that if there is statistical significance in the relationship of the nutritional status of the study population to the frequency of consumption of these food groups. In the assessment of nutritional status, 68% was obtained in normopeso, 18% with mild thinness, 4% with moderate thinness, 2% with grade I obesity and 8% overweight. Concluding that this study should highlight that, despite poor eating habits, there is a high percentage of patients studied with normoweight.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus is a disease that weakens the immune system, digestive alterations, taste or infections of the gastrointestinal tract occur, producing abdominal pain, vomiting, nausea and diarrhea, they limit the consumption of food reducing them by up to 30% accentuating weight loss. The goal was to determine eating habits and their relationship to nutritional status in patients diagnosed with HIV. The methodology used was non-experimental design, cross-sectional with a sample of 50 patients. As a result, food consumption has a relationship with the fruit group (p-0.0268*), cereals (p- <,0001*), meats (p-0.0154*), fats (p-0.0037*) and sugars (p-<,0001*) so it can be interpreted that if there is statistical significance in the relationship of the nutritional status of the study population to the frequency of consumption of these food groups. In the assessment of nutritional status, 68% was obtained in normopeso, 18% with mild thinness, 4% with moderate thinness, 2% with grade I obesity and 8% overweight. Concluding that this study should highlight that, despite poor eating habits, there is a high percentage of patients studied with normoweight.
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CONDUCTA ALIMENTARIA, ESTADO NUTRICIONAL, VIRUS DE INMUNODEFICIENCIA HUMANA, HOSPITAL DE INFECTOLOGÍA DR. JOSÉ DANIEL RODRÍGUEZ MARIDUEÑA, CANTÓN GUAYAQUIL, ECUADOR