Propuesta para el tratamiento final de los desechos solidos de la mancomunidad de los GADM de Ponce Enriquez (Azuay) y El Guabo (El oro)
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2016-10
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Universidad de Guayaquil : Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo
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El manejo de los desechos sólidos en el servicio público de aseo, se ha dirigido a la recolección y el transporte hacia sitios alejados de los centros urbanos, sin la adopción de medidas técnicas sanitarias para la prevención social y ambiental de los habitantes. Bajo este contexto, el objetivo de este estudio, es proponer el manejo inmediato y apropiado de la disposición final de los desechos sólidos de la mancomunidad de los cantones Camilo Ponce Enríquez (Azuay) y El Guabo (El Oro), para contribuir al mejoramiento de la calidad de vida de dichas poblaciones, y de acuerdo con los estudios geotécnicos y topográficos realizados en el área, se propone la implantación de una celda temporal emergente que tendrá una vida útil de hasta dos años, tiempo, en que la mancomunidad buscará otro terreno que reúna las características en concordancia con la normativa ambiental para implantar un proyecto definitivo para unos 20 años de vida útil. El método utilizado en la investigación es el deductivo, que inicia con el análisis de la legislación ambiental, los parámetros técnicos aplicados de validez comprobada que permiten solucionar el hecho particular investigado; y las técnicas de investigación fueron el trabajo de campo y la revisión documental, pues, se realizó la observación directa considerando las diferentes variables y sus relaciones. La propuesta está encaminada a solucionar, de manera inmediata, la problemática social y ambiental que establezca los criterios técnico-ambientales requeridos para una infraestructura adecuada para el tratamiento final de los desechos sólidos. El área que se intervino ocupa 5,23 ha; perteneciente a la jurisdicción del cantón El Guabo, para acceder al mismo, se lo hace por una vía lastrada de segundo orden. Dadas las condiciones geotécnicas y topográficas del terreno, se determinó manejar un sistema por el método de plataformas, y luego depositar directamente los desechos sólidos sobre una superficie relativamente plana. El material excavado servirá para la cobertura diaria. Los desechos peligrosos y contaminados de las unidades de salud, así como los lixiviados serán confinados en celdas especiales. El cálculo de la producción de desechos sólidos de la mancomunidad debe considerarse a partir del año 2016, con 80.140 habitantes, y una producción de desechos sólidos de 40,07 t/d por lo que se deberá considerar el incremento poblacional con la tasa de crecimiento anual de 1.8, y desde luego el incremento de los desechos/día, pero se recuerda que ese incremento puede ser reducido a través de la recomendación de un proyecto complementario de manejo de desecho en la fuente, más la implementación de los estándares de compactación de suelos, medidas que permitirán disminuir el aporte de los desechos sólidos
The management of solid waste in the public service of toilet, has targeted collection and transport to sites away from the urban centers, without sanitary technical measures for environmental and social prevention of the inhabitants. In this context, the objective of this study is to propose management and appropriate final disposal of solid waste from the Commonwealth of the cantons Camilo Ponce Enríquez (Azuay) and El Guabo (El Oro), to contribute to the improvement of the quality of life of these populations, and according to the topographic and geotechnical studies carried out in the area , proposes the implementation of a temporary pop-up cell which will have a lifespan of up to two years, time in which the Commonwealth will seek other field possessing the characteristics in accordance with environmental regulations to implement a final draft for about 20 years of life. The method used in the research is the deductive, that starts with the analysis of the legislation environmental, them parameters technical applied of validity proven that allow solve the made particular investigated; and them technical of research were the work of field and the review documentary, as, is made the observation direct considering them different variables and their relations. The proposal aims to solve, immediately, the social and environmental problems that set the tecnico-ambientales criteria required for an adequate infrastructure for the final treatment of solid waste. The area is involved is 5.23 ha; belonging to the jurisdiction of the canton the Guabo, for access to the same, is it made by a via ballasted of second order. Given the geotechnical and topographical conditions of the terrain, was managing a system by the method of platforms, and then depositing directly solid waste on a surface relatively flat. The excavated material will be used for daily coverage. Hazardous and contaminated wastes of health units, as well as the leachate will be confined in special cells. He calculation of it production of waste solid of the Commonwealth should consider is starting from the year 2016, with 80.140 inhabitants, and a production of waste solid of 40,07 t/d by what is must consider the increase population with the rate of growth annual of 1.8, and certainly the increase of it waste/day, but is recalls that that increase can be reduced through the recommendation of a project complementary of management of scrap in the source, over the implementation of the standards of soil compaction, measures that will decrease the contribution of solid waste.
The management of solid waste in the public service of toilet, has targeted collection and transport to sites away from the urban centers, without sanitary technical measures for environmental and social prevention of the inhabitants. In this context, the objective of this study is to propose management and appropriate final disposal of solid waste from the Commonwealth of the cantons Camilo Ponce Enríquez (Azuay) and El Guabo (El Oro), to contribute to the improvement of the quality of life of these populations, and according to the topographic and geotechnical studies carried out in the area , proposes the implementation of a temporary pop-up cell which will have a lifespan of up to two years, time in which the Commonwealth will seek other field possessing the characteristics in accordance with environmental regulations to implement a final draft for about 20 years of life. The method used in the research is the deductive, that starts with the analysis of the legislation environmental, them parameters technical applied of validity proven that allow solve the made particular investigated; and them technical of research were the work of field and the review documentary, as, is made the observation direct considering them different variables and their relations. The proposal aims to solve, immediately, the social and environmental problems that set the tecnico-ambientales criteria required for an adequate infrastructure for the final treatment of solid waste. The area is involved is 5.23 ha; belonging to the jurisdiction of the canton the Guabo, for access to the same, is it made by a via ballasted of second order. Given the geotechnical and topographical conditions of the terrain, was managing a system by the method of platforms, and then depositing directly solid waste on a surface relatively flat. The excavated material will be used for daily coverage. Hazardous and contaminated wastes of health units, as well as the leachate will be confined in special cells. He calculation of it production of waste solid of the Commonwealth should consider is starting from the year 2016, with 80.140 inhabitants, and a production of waste solid of 40,07 t/d by what is must consider the increase population with the rate of growth annual of 1.8, and certainly the increase of it waste/day, but is recalls that that increase can be reduced through the recommendation of a project complementary of management of scrap in the source, over the implementation of the standards of soil compaction, measures that will decrease the contribution of solid waste.
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TRATAMIENTO DE LO DESECHOS SÓLIDOS