Aspectos reproductivos de la Merluza (Merluccius gayi) en la estación lluviosa en el Golfo de Guayaquil
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2017
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Universidad de Guayaquil, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales
Resumen
La fragilidad del recurso Merluccius gayi al no contar con una base sólida para el manejo sustentable de esta pesquería fue el principal problema planteado para la presente investigación, siendo necesario analizar datos y estudios referentes a su reproducción en especies desembarcada en Puerto Bolívar provincia del Oro durante los meses de noviembre 2014 a marzo del 2015 con un N=574 de M. gayi, lo datos fueron obtenidos de los desembarques realizados en el barco pesquero “ELAINE” utilizando red de arrastre merlucera, el área de pesca se la ubico entre las coordenadas 02°10´S- 81°00´W; 03°23´S-81°00´W. Se obtuvieron datos biométricos de los individuos, longitud total, peso total, peso eviscerado y peso de las gónadas, se realizó una descripción macroscópica de las gónadas para determinar estadios de madurez y descripción entre sexo. Merluccius gayi presentó una talla media de captura para hembras 38.32 cm LT, para machos 34.93 cm LT, la distribución de frecuencias de tallas entre machos y hembras fue diferente (Kolmogorov-Smirnov,) la relación longitud - peso para sexos combinados evidencio un valor Pt=0.043 Lt2.49, presentando tipo de crecimiento alométrico negativo. Se validó los estadios de madurez mediante la escala de Perea et al. (1998), siendo los estadios III (maduro) y IV (desovante) los más representativos para las hembras, en machos el estadio IV (expulsante). La proporción sexual tuvo una relación de 1,65M:1H, el factor de condición presentó valores bajos (enero- febrero) para machos y hembras, los porcentajes más altos de IGS se presentaron en marzo para las hembras; 4.7%, mientras que para los machos se presentó en el mes de enero; 2.62%. La talla media de madurez sexual para hembras fue 37.28 LT, mientras que para machos 34.75 LT, que contrastadas con las tallas medias de captura (38.32 LT, 34.93 LT) indicarían que el esfuerzo pesquero no afecta los aspectos reproductivos de Merluccius gayi.
The fragility of the resource Merluccius gayi to does not have a solid basis for the sustainable management of this fishery was the main problem for the present investigation, it is necessary to analyze data and studies relating to their reproduction in species landed in Puerto Bolivar province of gold during the months of November 2014 to march of 2015 with a N=574 M. gayi, data were obtained from the landings in the fishing boat "ELAINE" using merlucera trawl fishing, the area is placed between the coordinates 02°10'S- 81°00'W; 03°23'S-81°00'W. Biometric data of the individuals, total length, total weight, eviscerated weight and gonad weight were obtained, a macroscopic description of the gonads was made to determine stages of maturity and description between sexes. Merluccius gayi presented a mean catch size for females 38.32 cm LT, for males 34.93 cm LT, the distribution of size frequencies between males and females was different (Kolmogorov-Smirnov,) the length-weight ratio for combined sexes showed a Pt value = 0.043 Lt2.49, presenting negative allometric growth type. Stages of maturity were validated using the scale of Perea et al. (1998). Stages III (mature) and IV (spawning) were the most representative for females, in stage IV (expelling) males. The sex ratio had a ratio of 1.65M: 1H, the condition factor presented low values (January-February) for males and females, the highest percentages of IGS were presented in March for females; 4.7%, while for males it was introduced in the month of January; 2.62%. The mean size of sexual maturity for females was 37.28 LT, whereas for males 34.75 LT, which contrasted with mean catch sizes (38.32 LT, 34.93 LT), would indicate that the fishing effort does not affect the reproductive aspects of Merluccius gayi.
The fragility of the resource Merluccius gayi to does not have a solid basis for the sustainable management of this fishery was the main problem for the present investigation, it is necessary to analyze data and studies relating to their reproduction in species landed in Puerto Bolivar province of gold during the months of November 2014 to march of 2015 with a N=574 M. gayi, data were obtained from the landings in the fishing boat "ELAINE" using merlucera trawl fishing, the area is placed between the coordinates 02°10'S- 81°00'W; 03°23'S-81°00'W. Biometric data of the individuals, total length, total weight, eviscerated weight and gonad weight were obtained, a macroscopic description of the gonads was made to determine stages of maturity and description between sexes. Merluccius gayi presented a mean catch size for females 38.32 cm LT, for males 34.93 cm LT, the distribution of size frequencies between males and females was different (Kolmogorov-Smirnov,) the length-weight ratio for combined sexes showed a Pt value = 0.043 Lt2.49, presenting negative allometric growth type. Stages of maturity were validated using the scale of Perea et al. (1998). Stages III (mature) and IV (spawning) were the most representative for females, in stage IV (expelling) males. The sex ratio had a ratio of 1.65M: 1H, the condition factor presented low values (January-February) for males and females, the highest percentages of IGS were presented in March for females; 4.7%, while for males it was introduced in the month of January; 2.62%. The mean size of sexual maturity for females was 37.28 LT, whereas for males 34.75 LT, which contrasted with mean catch sizes (38.32 LT, 34.93 LT), would indicate that the fishing effort does not affect the reproductive aspects of Merluccius gayi.
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MERLUCCIUS GAYI, TALLA MEDIA MADUREZ, ÍNDICE GONADOSOMÁTICO, ESTADÍOS DE MADUREZ