Utilidad del moca frente al minimental: evaluación temprana del deterioro cognitivo en adultos mayores
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2021
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
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ANTECEDENTES: La cognición es un funcionamiento intelectual el cual nos permite
interactuar con las demás personas y nos otorga la capacidad de poder resolver problemas
que se presentan en el medio. La población geriátrica trae consigo un aumento de costos
tanto sociales como económicos, ya que la edad representa un factor de riesgo para
enfermedades incapacitantes, entre ellas el trastorno neurocognitivo. El tamizaje
cognitivo es una forma de evaluación mediante la aplicación de escalas en un tiempo
corto, cuya finalidad es obtener de forma general el rendimiento neuropsicológico o
cognitivo del paciente y la más utilizada es el mini mental la cual no es tan específica
para realizar un tamizaje cognitivo más exacto en adultos mayores como lo es el de
MoCA. OBJETIVO: El objetivo de este estudio es comparar la utilidad de las escalas de
Minimental y MoCA para evaluar tempranamente a los pacientes adultos mayores que
presenten deterioro cognitivo. METODOLOGIA: Se trata de un estudio analítico,
correlacional, no experimental, prospectivo de corte transversal. Se utilizó las pruebas
neuropsicológicas mini mental test y evaluación cognitiva de Montreal, para evaluar a los
pacientes adultos mayores de la hospitalización del Hospital de Dr. Abel Gilbert Pontón.
RESULTADOS: se evaluó a 100 adultos mayores en donde logramos encontrar un
porcentaje de deterioro cognitivo. La escala de Minimental dio como resultado un 58% y
en el MoCa el 98%. En cuanto el tipo de deterioro, la escala Minimental se evidencio:
normal 42%, con deterioro 53% y demencia 5%. En la escala MoCA 7 % normal, 46%
deterioro leve, 23 % deterioro moderado y 22 % demencia.
BACKGROUND: Cognition is an intellectual functioning which allows us to interact with other people and gives us the ability to solve problems that arise in the environment. The geriatric population brings with it an increase in both social and economic costs, since age represents a risk factor for disabling diseases, including neurocognitive disorder. Cognitive screening is a form of evaluation through the application of scales in a short time, whose purpose is to obtain in a general way the neuropsychological or cognitive performance of the patient and the most used is the Minimental one which is not so specific to carry out a screening more accurate cognitive function in older adults such as MoCA. OBJECTIVE: the objective of this study is to compare the usefulness of the Minimental and MoCA scales for early evaluation of older adult patients with cognitive impairment. METHODOLOGY: This is an analytical, correlational, non-experimental, prospective cross-sectional study. The neuropsychological tests MoCA and Minimental, were used to evaluate elderly patients hospitalized at the Hospital Dr. Abel Gilbert Ponton. RESULTS: 100 older adults were evaluated where we were able to find a percentage of cognitive impairment. The Minimental scale resulted in 58% and 98% in MoCA. Regarding the type of deterioration, the Minimental scale was evidence: normal 42%, with deterioration 53% and dementia 5%. On the MoCA scale, 7% normal, 46% mild impairment, 23% moderate impairment, and 22% dementia.
BACKGROUND: Cognition is an intellectual functioning which allows us to interact with other people and gives us the ability to solve problems that arise in the environment. The geriatric population brings with it an increase in both social and economic costs, since age represents a risk factor for disabling diseases, including neurocognitive disorder. Cognitive screening is a form of evaluation through the application of scales in a short time, whose purpose is to obtain in a general way the neuropsychological or cognitive performance of the patient and the most used is the Minimental one which is not so specific to carry out a screening more accurate cognitive function in older adults such as MoCA. OBJECTIVE: the objective of this study is to compare the usefulness of the Minimental and MoCA scales for early evaluation of older adult patients with cognitive impairment. METHODOLOGY: This is an analytical, correlational, non-experimental, prospective cross-sectional study. The neuropsychological tests MoCA and Minimental, were used to evaluate elderly patients hospitalized at the Hospital Dr. Abel Gilbert Ponton. RESULTS: 100 older adults were evaluated where we were able to find a percentage of cognitive impairment. The Minimental scale resulted in 58% and 98% in MoCA. Regarding the type of deterioration, the Minimental scale was evidence: normal 42%, with deterioration 53% and dementia 5%. On the MoCA scale, 7% normal, 46% mild impairment, 23% moderate impairment, and 22% dementia.
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Adulto mayor, Anciano, Pruebas neuropsicológicas, Estudio de casos, Hospital de Especialidades Guayaquil Dr. Abel Gilbert Pontón, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador