Estudios microbiológicos y factores asociados a vulvovaginitis en niñas y adolescentes que acuden a Consulta Hospital Roberto Gilbert
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2016
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
Resumen
La vulvovaginitis es la causa más frecuente de consulta por trastornos ginecológicos
en la población pediátrica, caracterizada por inflamación de la vulva y vagina con presencia
de flujo vaginal patológico, eritema y prurito. De etiología multifactorial, afectada por varios
tipos de microorganismos y determinantes de su presentación por lo cual se realizó esta
investigación con el objetivo general de analizar los estudios microbiológicos en niñas y
adolescentes con vulvovaginitis y sus factores asociados en la población de este trabajo.
Fueron estudiadas 214 historias clínicas con diagnósticos de vulvovaginitis con énfasis en los
agentes causales y los factores que pudieron contribuir a este problema de salud. Se
encontraron 99 (46.26%) cultivo positivos con aislamientos de Candida sp 2.3%,
Staphylococcus sp 43.4%. Streptoccocus sp 6.8% enterobacterias 28%, y Enteroccocus sp
que tenían asociación con factores como problemas de higiene personal y ambiental,
afectaciones del estado de salud general y falta de educación sanitaria. Fue posible concluir
que la frecuencia de los diagnósticos microbiológicos realizados indica el predominio de una
etiología microbiana propia de vulvovaginitis inespecífica en la población de este estudio,
además de que la utilización de los estudios microbiológicos y la valoración de los factores
asociados con vulvovaginitis, en niñas y adolescentes incluidas en esta investigación,
permitirá a los profesionales de salud conocer datos epidemiológicos que ayuden fortalecer
y actualizar conocimientos en base a una guía para la óptima atención integral en la
población infanto juvenil..
Vulvovaginitis is the most frequent cause of consultation for gynecological disorders in the pediatric population, characterized by inflammation of the vulva and vagina with presence of pathological vaginal discharge, erythema and pruritus. A multifactorial etiology, affected by several types of microorganisms and determinants of its presentation, this research was carried out with the general aim of analyzing the microbiological studies in girls and adolescents with vulvovaginitis and its associated factors in the population of this work. We studied 214 clinical histories with diagnoses of vulvovaginitis with emphasis on causal agents and factors that could contribute to this health problem. We found 99 (46.26%) positive cultures with isolates of Candida sp 2,3%, Staphylococcus sp 43.4%, Streptococcus sp 6.8%. Enterobacteriaceae 28% and Enteroccocus sp which were associated with factors such as personal and environmental hygiene problems, affectations of general health and lack of health education. It was possible to conclude that the frequency of the microbiological diagnoses performed indicates the predominance of a microbial etiology of non-specific vulvovaginitis in the population of this study, in addition to the use of microbiological studies and the evaluation of factors associated with vulvovaginitis in girls And adolescents included in this research, will allow health professionals to know epidemiological data that help strengthen and update knowledge based on a guide for optimal comprehensive care in the child and adolescent population .
Vulvovaginitis is the most frequent cause of consultation for gynecological disorders in the pediatric population, characterized by inflammation of the vulva and vagina with presence of pathological vaginal discharge, erythema and pruritus. A multifactorial etiology, affected by several types of microorganisms and determinants of its presentation, this research was carried out with the general aim of analyzing the microbiological studies in girls and adolescents with vulvovaginitis and its associated factors in the population of this work. We studied 214 clinical histories with diagnoses of vulvovaginitis with emphasis on causal agents and factors that could contribute to this health problem. We found 99 (46.26%) positive cultures with isolates of Candida sp 2,3%, Staphylococcus sp 43.4%, Streptococcus sp 6.8%. Enterobacteriaceae 28% and Enteroccocus sp which were associated with factors such as personal and environmental hygiene problems, affectations of general health and lack of health education. It was possible to conclude that the frequency of the microbiological diagnoses performed indicates the predominance of a microbial etiology of non-specific vulvovaginitis in the population of this study, in addition to the use of microbiological studies and the evaluation of factors associated with vulvovaginitis in girls And adolescents included in this research, will allow health professionals to know epidemiological data that help strengthen and update knowledge based on a guide for optimal comprehensive care in the child and adolescent population .
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Vulvovaginitis, Adolescente, Pediatría, Estudios microbiológicos, Epidemiología descriptiva, Hospital de Niños Dr. Roberto Gilbert Elizalde, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador