Factores de Riesgo de Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Cronica (EPOC) En Pacientes Adultos Mayores
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2023
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Medicina
Resumen
La enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica es una de las enfermedades crónicas no
transmisibles que más producen morbi-mortabilidad disminuyendo la calidad de vida
no solo de los pacientes que la padecen sino también de su familia. Según las
estadísticas de la OMS para el 2030 será la tercera causa de muerte en todo el mundo,
que conlleva múltiples gastos sanitarios en salud pública para nuestro país. Objetivo:
Determinar aquellos factores de riesgo que afectan a la población de adultos mayores
al desarrollo de esta patología crónica y por medio del cual actualizar y reforzar las
recomendaciones utilizadas para prevenir las complicaciones de esta patología y
considerar las recomendaciones sobre la prevención. Material y métodos: Para esto
se estudia a la población adulta mayor en el servicio de consulta externa de
neumología del Hospital General Monte Sinaí, en el periodo de 2020 a 2022 por medio
de estudios de análisis, retrospección y corte transversal con un universo de 100
pacientes. Resultados: Por medio de este trabajo, se obtuvo como los factores de
riesgo más importantes el consumo de tabaco con un (45%), por consiguiente, el
contacto con el humo de leña (22%), las secuelas de tuberculosis (20%), el contacto
con elementos de biomasa (10%) y el asma (3%). Conclusión: Se comprobó que los
factores más importantes como el hábito tabáquico y la exposición a sustancias
corrosivas continúan siendo los que predominan en esta población.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is one of the non-communicable chronic diseases that cause the most morbidity and mortality, decreasing the quality of life not only of the patients who suffer from it but also of their families.According to WHO statistics, by 2030 the third cause of death worldwide, whichentails multiple health expenses in public health for our country. Objective: To determine those risk factors that emerge in the population of older adultsto the development of this chronic pathology and through which to update and reinforce the recommendations used to prevent the complications of this pathology and consider the recommendations on prevention. Material and methods: For this, the elderly population is studied in the pneumology outpatient service of the Monte Sinai General Hospital, in the period from 2020 to 2022 through analysis, retrospection and cross-sectional studies with a universe of 100 patients. Results: Through this work, tobacco consumption was obtained as the most important risk factors (45%), therefore contact with wood smoke (22%), tuberculosis sequelae (20%), contact with biomass elements (10%) and asthma (3%). Conclusion: It was found that the most important factors such as smoking and exposure to corrosive substances turn out to be theones that predominate in this population
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is one of the non-communicable chronic diseases that cause the most morbidity and mortality, decreasing the quality of life not only of the patients who suffer from it but also of their families.According to WHO statistics, by 2030 the third cause of death worldwide, whichentails multiple health expenses in public health for our country. Objective: To determine those risk factors that emerge in the population of older adultsto the development of this chronic pathology and through which to update and reinforce the recommendations used to prevent the complications of this pathology and consider the recommendations on prevention. Material and methods: For this, the elderly population is studied in the pneumology outpatient service of the Monte Sinai General Hospital, in the period from 2020 to 2022 through analysis, retrospection and cross-sectional studies with a universe of 100 patients. Results: Through this work, tobacco consumption was obtained as the most important risk factors (45%), therefore contact with wood smoke (22%), tuberculosis sequelae (20%), contact with biomass elements (10%) and asthma (3%). Conclusion: It was found that the most important factors such as smoking and exposure to corrosive substances turn out to be theones that predominate in this population
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FACTORES DE RIESGO, TUBERCULOSIS, MORBIMORTALIDAD, BIOMASA, HOSPITAL GENERAL MONTE SINAÍ, CANTON GUAYAQUIL, ECUADOR