Manifestaciones dermatológicas del sarcoma de Kaposi en pacientes seropositivos VIH. Estudio realizado en el Hospital de Especialidades Dr. Abel Gilbert Pontón durante enero 2014 a diciembre 2017
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2018
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Medicina
Resumen
El considerable aumento de pacientes infectados por VIH/SIDA, la presencia de las morbilidades oportunistas, sus manifestaciones dermatológicas, y gravedad, cobra un papel significativo en el contexto de pacientes VIH y síndrome de Kaposi el cual es denominado un evento definidor del SIDA con contaje CD4 <200cel/mm3, en virtud de lo expuesto se identificó las manifestaciones dermatológicas del sarcoma de Kaposi más frecuentes en pacientes con VIH/SIDA, mediante un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo corte trasversal con enfoque cuantitativo; en base al análisis de historias clínicas de todos los pacientes hombres y mujeres mayores de 14 años con diagnóstico previo VIH/SIDA que fueron atendidos en la consulta externa o en las salas de hospitalización del Hospital de Especialidades Dr. Abel Gilbert Pontón durante enero del 2014 hasta diciembre del 2017, cuya muestra fue aquellos pacientes que debutaron con sarcoma de Kaposi siendo estos 18 casos. Como resultados se observó que el sexo masculino tiene mayor predisposición al debut de sarcoma de Kaposi (72%) de los casos, y edad media de 44 años. El 50% presentó carga viral > 400.000 virus/ml y cifras de CD4+ de <199 células/mm3; la principal manifestación cutánea fue la variante macular con localización en miembros inferiores; sin embargo, solo al 33% de ellos se les realizó biopsia, situación que debe fomentarse a fin de obtener un diagnóstico oportuno e inicio precoz de tratamiento.
Palabras clave: Sarcoma de Kaposi, SIDA, VIH.
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The considerable increase of patients infected with HIV / AIDS, the presence of opportunistic morbidities, their dermatological manifestations, and seriousness, take on a significant role in the context of HIV patients and Kaposi syndrome which is called an AIDS defining event with counting CD4 <200cel / mm3, in view of the above, we identified the dermatological manifestations of Kaposi sarcoma more frequent in patients with HIV / AIDS, through a descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach; based on the analysis of medical records of all patients men and women over 14 years of age with previous diagnosis HIV / AIDS who were treated in the outpatient clinic or in the hospitalization rooms of the Dr. Abel Gilbert Pontón Specialties Hospital during January 2014 until December 2017, whose sample was those patients who debuted with Kaposi's sarcoma being these 18 cases. As results, it was observed that the masculine sex is more predisposed to the debut of Kaposi sarcoma (72%) of the cases, and average age of 44 years. 50% had a viral load >400,000 virus / ml and CD4 + levels of <199 cells / mm3; The main cutaneous manifestation was the macular variant with location in the lower limbs; However, only 33% of them underwent a biopsy, a situation that should be encouraged in order to obtain an opportune diagnosis and early initiation of treatment.
The considerable increase of patients infected with HIV / AIDS, the presence of opportunistic morbidities, their dermatological manifestations, and seriousness, take on a significant role in the context of HIV patients and Kaposi syndrome which is called an AIDS defining event with counting CD4 <200cel / mm3, in view of the above, we identified the dermatological manifestations of Kaposi sarcoma more frequent in patients with HIV / AIDS, through a descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach; based on the analysis of medical records of all patients men and women over 14 years of age with previous diagnosis HIV / AIDS who were treated in the outpatient clinic or in the hospitalization rooms of the Dr. Abel Gilbert Pontón Specialties Hospital during January 2014 until December 2017, whose sample was those patients who debuted with Kaposi's sarcoma being these 18 cases. As results, it was observed that the masculine sex is more predisposed to the debut of Kaposi sarcoma (72%) of the cases, and average age of 44 years. 50% had a viral load >400,000 virus / ml and CD4 + levels of <199 cells / mm3; The main cutaneous manifestation was the macular variant with location in the lower limbs; However, only 33% of them underwent a biopsy, a situation that should be encouraged in order to obtain an opportune diagnosis and early initiation of treatment.
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Sarcoma de Kaposi, Virus de inmunodeficiencia humana, Epidemiología descriptiva, Estudios retrospectivos, Pacientes seropositivos, Manifestaciones cutáneas, Hospital de Especialidades Guayaquil Dr. Abel Gilbert Pontón, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador