Perfil clínico y factores de riesgo asociados a complicaciones del embarazo ectópico en el Hospital General Guasmo Sur
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2021
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
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Introducción. El embarazo ectópico es una emergencia médica que puede terminar con
ruptura tubárica o hemoperitoneo: desencadenando la muerte o limitando la vida reproductiva de
la mujer. Objetivo. Determinar el perfil clínico y los factores de riesgo asociados a complicaciones
del embarazo ectópico, en pacientes atendidas en el hospital general “Guasmo Sur”, desde enero
del 2017 a diciembre del 2019. Materiales y métodos: Presenta un enfoque cuantitativo; diseño
no experimental, descriptivo correlacional, de corte transversal. Resultados: La edad 29 a 35 años
presento 31%; instrucción secundaria en 70% y estado civil soltero en 55%. En factores de riesgo
son antecedentes de E.E 75%; coito temprano de 63%, infecciones genitales en 60%, tabaquismo
con 43%; primíparas en 42%; múltiples parejas con 52%; DIU en 8.1% y tratamiento de fertilidad
de 7.4%. La clínica, el dolor abdominal en 100%; hemorragia vaginal en 40% palidez en 39%;
masa anexial en 22%. Las complicaciones son de 38%, distribuidas en anemia en 44%;
hemoperitoneo de 39% y shock en 9,6%. La estadística inferencial bivariado las relaciones con
complicaciones fue: infección genital (p 0.025); antecedente de embarazo ectópico (p 0.010) y
coito temprano (p 0.005). Conclusiones: Los factores de riesgo con estadística significativa son;
antecedente de embarazo ectópico; coito temprano, infecciones genitales, además presencia de
tabaco; dispositivos intrauterino o fertilidad; la clínica fue dolor abdominal, hemorragia vaginal,
palidez y masa anexial; sus complicaciones son anemia, hemoperitoneo y shock.
Recomendaciones. Es mejoramiento del primer nivel con empoderamiento del paciente mediante
charlas de promoción y prevención, además de la capacitación médica continua de signos de alerta
Introduction. Ectopic pregnancy is a medical emergency that can end with tubal rupture or hemoperitoneum: triggering death or limiting a woman's reproductive life. Objective. To determine the clinical profile and risk factors associated with complications of ectopic pregnancy, in patients treated at the “Guasmo Sur” general hospital, from January 2017 to December 2019. Materials and methods: It presents a quantitative approach; non-experimental, descriptive correlational, cross-sectional design. Results: The age 29 to 35 years presented 31%; secondary education in 70% and single marital status in 55%. In risk factors there are antecedents of E.E 75%; early intercourse 63%, genital infections 60%, smoking 43%; primiparous in 42%; multiple partners with 52%; IUD at 8.1% and fertility treatment at 7.4%. The clinic, abdominal pain in 100%; vaginal bleeding in 40% paleness in 39%; adnexal mass in 22%. Complications are 38%, distributed in anemia in 44%; hemoperitoneum of 39% and shock in 9.6%. The bivariate inferential statistics related to complications were: genital infection (p 0.025); History of ectopic pregnancy (p 0.010) and early intercourse (p 0.005). Conclusions: The risk factors with statistically significant are; history of ectopic pregnancy; early intercourse, genital infections, plus the presence of tobacco; intrauterine devices or fertility; the symptoms were abdominal pain, vaginal bleeding, paleness and adnexal mass; its complications are anemia, hemoperitoneum, and shock. Recommendations. It is first level improvement with patient empowerment through promotion and prevention talks, in addition to continuous medical training on warning signs
Introduction. Ectopic pregnancy is a medical emergency that can end with tubal rupture or hemoperitoneum: triggering death or limiting a woman's reproductive life. Objective. To determine the clinical profile and risk factors associated with complications of ectopic pregnancy, in patients treated at the “Guasmo Sur” general hospital, from January 2017 to December 2019. Materials and methods: It presents a quantitative approach; non-experimental, descriptive correlational, cross-sectional design. Results: The age 29 to 35 years presented 31%; secondary education in 70% and single marital status in 55%. In risk factors there are antecedents of E.E 75%; early intercourse 63%, genital infections 60%, smoking 43%; primiparous in 42%; multiple partners with 52%; IUD at 8.1% and fertility treatment at 7.4%. The clinic, abdominal pain in 100%; vaginal bleeding in 40% paleness in 39%; adnexal mass in 22%. Complications are 38%, distributed in anemia in 44%; hemoperitoneum of 39% and shock in 9.6%. The bivariate inferential statistics related to complications were: genital infection (p 0.025); History of ectopic pregnancy (p 0.010) and early intercourse (p 0.005). Conclusions: The risk factors with statistically significant are; history of ectopic pregnancy; early intercourse, genital infections, plus the presence of tobacco; intrauterine devices or fertility; the symptoms were abdominal pain, vaginal bleeding, paleness and adnexal mass; its complications are anemia, hemoperitoneum, and shock. Recommendations. It is first level improvement with patient empowerment through promotion and prevention talks, in addition to continuous medical training on warning signs
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Embarazo ectópico, Complicaciones del embarazo, Perfil clínico, Factores de riesgo, Epidemiología descriptiva, Hospital General Guasmo Sur, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador