Accidentes ofídicos y su relación con la evolución pronóstica del paciente
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2016
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
Resumen
El motivo de realizar este estudio se debe al incremento de mordedura de serpiente a la
población en especial a la gente del campo en temporada de lluvias llegando a producir
complicaciones severas producto de las mordeduras con presencias de venenos que
ocasionan un problema importante en salud pública en la Zona 5-Salud. Objetivo.
Determinar el envenenamiento accidental por ofidios y su relación con la evolución
pronostica de los pacientes atendidos en las provincias de la Zona 5-Salud, durante los
meses de enero a julio del 2016. Metodología Estudio cuantitativo, de diseño No
experimental, de tipo transversal, correlacional; mediante la revisión de fichas clínicas.
Resultados: se observaron 223 pacientes, mayormente afectados del sexo masculino,
entre 10 a 39 años, de los cantones rurales de Guayas y Los Ríos, con diagnóstico
positivo del 77,13%; entre los meses de marzo y mayo con mayor frecuencia, siendo las
semanas que coincide con la época del invierno en el país, y en los momentos de mayor
pluviosidad (marzo) y a la salida del invierno (mayo). El tipo de serpiente fue la
Bothrops asper con más del 56% y el sitio de mordida frecuentes fueron los pies con
27,80% y manos 27,35%, seguido de la extremidad inferior (pierna) con 25,56%; con
condición clínica Leve con 49,33%. Conclusiones: los accidentes por ofidios se
relacionan con los factores epidemiológicos, ambientales y clínicos en las personas
atendidas en las Unidades de Salud de las provincias de la Zona 5-Salud, por lo que se
deberá informar a la comunidad con énfasis en el área rural de la provincia del Guayas y
Los Ríos sobre la existencia de este tipo de serpiente venenosa y educarlos en medidas
de prevención y control para accidentes por ofidios.
He reason of make this study is must to the increase of bite of snake to the population es pecially to the people of the field in season of rainscoming to produce complications sev ere product of them bites with presences of poisons that cause a major public health problem in Zone 5. Objective. To determine accidental poisoning by snakes and their relationship with the forecast evolution of patients seen in the provinces of Zone 5, during the months of January to July 2016, avoiding the patient's clinical complications. Methodology Quantitative study, non experimental, transversal, correlational; by reviewing medical records. Results. For the 223 patients studied, the males were the most affected with an age average of 10 to 39 years. The rural cantons were Guayas and Los Rios with a positive diagnosis of 77.13%; between the months of March and May, coinciding the weeks with the time of winter in the country, and in times of higher rainfall (March) and at the end of winter (May). The type of snake was the Bothrops asper with more than 56% and the site of frequently bites were the feet with 27.80% and 27.35% with the hands, followed by lower extremity (leg) with 25.56%; and with a mild clinical condition of 49.33%. Conclusions: Snakes accients are related to epidemiological, environmental and clinical factors in the patients treated in health units in the provinces of Zone 5-Health, it must be informed to the community with emphasis on rural areas in the province of Guayas and Los Rios the existence of that type of poisonous snake and educate them on prevention and control by snakes
He reason of make this study is must to the increase of bite of snake to the population es pecially to the people of the field in season of rainscoming to produce complications sev ere product of them bites with presences of poisons that cause a major public health problem in Zone 5. Objective. To determine accidental poisoning by snakes and their relationship with the forecast evolution of patients seen in the provinces of Zone 5, during the months of January to July 2016, avoiding the patient's clinical complications. Methodology Quantitative study, non experimental, transversal, correlational; by reviewing medical records. Results. For the 223 patients studied, the males were the most affected with an age average of 10 to 39 years. The rural cantons were Guayas and Los Rios with a positive diagnosis of 77.13%; between the months of March and May, coinciding the weeks with the time of winter in the country, and in times of higher rainfall (March) and at the end of winter (May). The type of snake was the Bothrops asper with more than 56% and the site of frequently bites were the feet with 27.80% and 27.35% with the hands, followed by lower extremity (leg) with 25.56%; and with a mild clinical condition of 49.33%. Conclusions: Snakes accients are related to epidemiological, environmental and clinical factors in the patients treated in health units in the provinces of Zone 5-Health, it must be informed to the community with emphasis on rural areas in the province of Guayas and Los Rios the existence of that type of poisonous snake and educate them on prevention and control by snakes
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Mordeduras de serpiente, Vigilancia epidemiológica, Población rural, Provincia del Guayas, Provincia de Los Ríos, Ecuador, Evolución clínica, Accidentes ofídicos, Servicios rurales de salud, Unidades de Salud de las provincias de la Zona 5-Salud, Serpientes venenosas