Comparación de la concentración de Cadmio y Plomo en (Thunnus alalunga Bonnaterre, 1788) comercializada en cinco mercados de Guayaquil-Ecuador
Fecha
2019-10
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Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Universidad de Guayaquil
Resumen
La contaminación por metales pesados es uno de los problemas que se encuentran a nivel mundial afectando la salud del hombre, los ecosistemas marinos y la diversidad biológica. En Ecuador existen evidencias de contaminación por Cd y Pb en varias especies de atún, ampliamente utilizadas en los platos típicos de la región. Sin embargo, se desconoce la presencia de estos metales en la especie Thunnus alalunga. Es por ello, que en este trabajo de investigación se establece como objetivo principal determinar la concentración de cadmio (Cd) y plomo (Pb) en Thunnus alalunga Bonnaterre (1788) comercializada en diferentes mercados de Guayaquil-Ecuador. Se tomaron muestras de pescado de los cinco mercados más concurridos por la ciudadanía guayaquileña, donde se realizaron análisis de cadmio y plomo en 30 muestras a través de la espectrofotometría de absorción atómica con horno de grafito. De las muestras analizadas el 73% no presentó Cd y en el 40% de las muestras no se halló Pb. En el restante de estas muestras se evidenció concentración de Cd y Pb pero en valores bajos, encontrándose estos por debajo de los límites máximos permisibles establecidos por las normas INEN ecuatorianas (0,05 mg/kg) y la norma de la Unión europea (UE) (0,1 mg/kg) para Cd y con respecto al Pb por debajo de las normas INEN ecuatorianas y la UE (0,3 mg/kg), lo que indica que el Thunnus alalunga es apto para el consumo humano en el Ecuador y se recomienda su uso para la elaboración de los platos típicos
Contamination by heavy metals is one of the problems that are globally, affecting human health, marine ecosystems and biological diversity. In Ecuador there is evidence of contamination by Cd and Pb in various species of tuna, widely used in the typical dishes of the region. However, it is unknown the presence of these metals in the species Thunnus alalunga. That is why, in this research is established as a main objetive to determine the concentration of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Ph) in Thunnus alalunga Bonnaterre (1788) marketed in different markets of Guayaquil, Ecuador. Samples were taken from fish in the five busiest Guayaquil citizenship markets, where analysis of cadmium and lead were conducted in 30 samples by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Of the samples analyzed 73% did not submit Cd and in 40% of the samples found no Pb. The remainder of these samples showed concentration of Cd and Pb, but at low values, finding these below the maximum permissible limits established by the Ecuadorian INEN standards (0.05 mg/kg) and the standard of the European Union (EU) (0.1 mg/kg) to Cd and with respect to the Pb below Ecuadorian INEN standards and the EU (0.3 mg/kg), indicating that the Thunnus alalunga is fit for human consumption in the Ecuador and its use for the preparation of the dishes is recommended
Contamination by heavy metals is one of the problems that are globally, affecting human health, marine ecosystems and biological diversity. In Ecuador there is evidence of contamination by Cd and Pb in various species of tuna, widely used in the typical dishes of the region. However, it is unknown the presence of these metals in the species Thunnus alalunga. That is why, in this research is established as a main objetive to determine the concentration of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Ph) in Thunnus alalunga Bonnaterre (1788) marketed in different markets of Guayaquil, Ecuador. Samples were taken from fish in the five busiest Guayaquil citizenship markets, where analysis of cadmium and lead were conducted in 30 samples by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Of the samples analyzed 73% did not submit Cd and in 40% of the samples found no Pb. The remainder of these samples showed concentration of Cd and Pb, but at low values, finding these below the maximum permissible limits established by the Ecuadorian INEN standards (0.05 mg/kg) and the standard of the European Union (EU) (0.1 mg/kg) to Cd and with respect to the Pb below Ecuadorian INEN standards and the EU (0.3 mg/kg), indicating that the Thunnus alalunga is fit for human consumption in the Ecuador and its use for the preparation of the dishes is recommended
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ATÚN, CADMIO, CONTAMINACIÓN, PLOMO