Efecto nutricional de la Macroalga Ascophyllum nodosum y fertilizantes químicos en el rendimiento agrícola del cultivo de arroz
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2016
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Universidad de Guayaquil, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales
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En el contexto agrícola mundial el arroz se encuentra entre los cultivos más importantes, es un cereal indispensable en la dieta diaria de la población, y por tanto necesario en la seguridad alimentaria, con un consumo de 130 g. por persona, la perspectiva actual de producción es a la disminución, y su cultivo produce afectaciones al medio ambiente. Ecuador no escapa a esta situación, por lo que una alternativa viable sería el uso de enmiendas orgánicas que permitan el incremento de la producción, disminuir costos, conservar y mejorar los suelos en agroecosistemas arroceros. El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de la macroalga Ascophyllum nodosum y fertilizantes químicos en el crecimiento y desarrollo del arroz mediante la medición de diferentes parámetros morfológicos y agronómicos del cultivo en el cantón Durán, provincia del Guayas, para lo cual se estableció un experimento en bloques al azar con siete tratamientos a base de aplicación de A. nodosum sola y combinada con fertilizantes minerales, evaluando diferentes parámetros morfológicos y agronómicos de la planta a los 30 y 60 días y al momento de la cosecha. La fertilización convencional produjo el mayor rendimiento (5,6 t ha-1), aunque no presentó diferencias estadísticas con la combinación de diferentes porcentajes de Ascophyllum nodosum y urea (25-75, 50-50 y 75-25) donde se alcanzaron cifras entre 4,3 y 4,8 t ha-1, sin embargo fueron estadísticamente diferente al resto de los tratamientos, lo que demuestra que el uso de la macroalga constituye una alternativa eficaz en función de mantener una producción ecológica de mayor calidad y menos costosa, que permita garantizar la sostenibilidad en agroecosistemas arroceros.
In the world agricultural context rice is among the most important crops, it is an essential cereal in the daily diet of the population, and therefore important in food security, with a consumption of 130 g of person, although the current perspective of production is to the decrease, in addition is a crop that produces affectations to the environment. Ecuador does not escape this situation, so a viable alternative would be the use of organic amendments that allow increased production, reduce costs, conserve and improve soils in rice agroecosystems. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the application of Ascophyllum nodosum and chemical fertilizers on the growth and development of rice by measuring different morphological and agronomic parameters of the crop in Duran, Guayas province. Experiment in random blocks with seven treatments based on single application and combined with mineral fertilizers and evaluated different morphological and agronomic parameters of the plant at 30 and 60 days and at the time of harvest. Conventional fertilization produced the highest yield (5.6 t ha-1), but did not present statistical differences with the combination of different percentages of Ascophyllum nodosum and urea (25-75, 50-50 and 75-25), where figures were reached Between 4.3 and 4.8 t ha-1, however they were statistically different from the rest of the treatments, demonstrating that the use of macroalga is an efficient alternative in order to maintain a higher quality and less expensive organic production , To ensure sustainability in rice agroecosystems.
In the world agricultural context rice is among the most important crops, it is an essential cereal in the daily diet of the population, and therefore important in food security, with a consumption of 130 g of person, although the current perspective of production is to the decrease, in addition is a crop that produces affectations to the environment. Ecuador does not escape this situation, so a viable alternative would be the use of organic amendments that allow increased production, reduce costs, conserve and improve soils in rice agroecosystems. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the application of Ascophyllum nodosum and chemical fertilizers on the growth and development of rice by measuring different morphological and agronomic parameters of the crop in Duran, Guayas province. Experiment in random blocks with seven treatments based on single application and combined with mineral fertilizers and evaluated different morphological and agronomic parameters of the plant at 30 and 60 days and at the time of harvest. Conventional fertilization produced the highest yield (5.6 t ha-1), but did not present statistical differences with the combination of different percentages of Ascophyllum nodosum and urea (25-75, 50-50 and 75-25), where figures were reached Between 4.3 and 4.8 t ha-1, however they were statistically different from the rest of the treatments, demonstrating that the use of macroalga is an efficient alternative in order to maintain a higher quality and less expensive organic production , To ensure sustainability in rice agroecosystems.
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FERTILIZACIÓN ORGÁNICA, ASCOPHYLLUM NODOSUM, SOSTENIBILIDAD