Riesgos laborales en la cadena de farmacias Cruz Azul de Milagro con propuesta de un plan de control operativo integral.
Fecha
2016-11-30
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ingenieria Industrial. Maestría en Sistemas Integrados de Gestión.
Resumen
El objetivo de la presente investigación fuediseñar un plan de control operativo integral en base a un estudio de riesgos laborales que afectan a los trabajadores de farmacias;razón por la cual se utilizó los métodos descriptivos y deductivos, con utilizacióndel instrumentos del checklist OCRA y del cuestionario ISTAS 21, además del diagrama de Ishikawa, de Pareto y de la matriz de riesgos,se identificaron los principales riesgos laborales que pueden afectar la salud de los trabajadores en los establecimientos farmacéuticos, mediante la aplicación de la matriz de riesgos, cuyos resultados indicaron que los de tipo ergonómico (23,53%) y psicosocial (67,65%) ocuparon la mayor prioridad (91,18%) en los establecimientos farmacéuticos de la cadena Cruz Azul en el cantón Milagro, detectándose que las principales causas se debieron a la limitada capacitación, falta de evaluación médica y psicológica del personal, así como por la inaplicación de las pausas activas, cuyas consecuencias se observaron en los indicadores del sistema de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional que presentó una tasa de riesgo igual a 4,72 (5) que indica la existencia de 5 días perdidos por accidentes de trabajo por cada acción sub – estándar acaecida, con la ocurrencia de 7 accidentes que dejaron 33 días perdidos en las farmacias en estudio.Se propuso acciones correctivas y preventivas a través de un Plan de Control Integral, que promovió la revisión de la salud de los trabajadores por medio del uso de la ficha médica preocupacional, ocupacional, de ingreso, reingreso y retiro, así como también con la educación para preparar al personal a enfrentar acertadamente los riesgos ergonómicos y psicosociales, a lo que se debe añadir las pausas activas como una herramienta para reducir la exposición al estrés mental y emocional, para lograr el objetivo de minimizar las afecciones a la salud física y mental de los trabajadores, promoviendo de esta manera mayor productividad en el trabajo.
The target of this research was to design a comprehensive operative control plan based on a study of occupational hazards that affect workers pharmacies; why descriptive and deductive methods, with use of the instruments check list OCRA and ISTAS questionnaire 21, in addition Ishikawa diagram, Pareto and risk matrix was used, the major occupational risks that may affect identified the health of workers in pharmaceutical establishments, by applying the risk matrix, the results indicated that ergonomic type (23.53%) and psychosocial (67.65%) occupied the highest priority (91.18% ) in pharmaceutical establishments of Cruz Azul chain in the canton Milagro, detecting that the main causes were due to limited training, lack of medical and psychological personnel evaluation as well as the non-application of active breaks, the consequences were observed system indicators Occupational Safety and Health presented a risk rate equal to 4.72 (5) indicating the existence of 5 days lost due to accidents per share sub - standard occurred, with the occurrence of seven accidents which left 33 days lost in pharmacies under study. corrective and preventive actions was proposed through an Integrated Control Plan, which promoted the revision of the health of workers through the use of pre occupational, occupational, medical record entry, re-entry and removal, as well as with the education to prepare staff to correctly address the ergonomic and psychosocial risks, to which must be added the active pauses as a tool to reduce exposure to mental and emotional stress, to achieve the objective of minimizing the effects on physical and mental health workers, thus promoting greater productivity at work.
The target of this research was to design a comprehensive operative control plan based on a study of occupational hazards that affect workers pharmacies; why descriptive and deductive methods, with use of the instruments check list OCRA and ISTAS questionnaire 21, in addition Ishikawa diagram, Pareto and risk matrix was used, the major occupational risks that may affect identified the health of workers in pharmaceutical establishments, by applying the risk matrix, the results indicated that ergonomic type (23.53%) and psychosocial (67.65%) occupied the highest priority (91.18% ) in pharmaceutical establishments of Cruz Azul chain in the canton Milagro, detecting that the main causes were due to limited training, lack of medical and psychological personnel evaluation as well as the non-application of active breaks, the consequences were observed system indicators Occupational Safety and Health presented a risk rate equal to 4.72 (5) indicating the existence of 5 days lost due to accidents per share sub - standard occurred, with the occurrence of seven accidents which left 33 days lost in pharmacies under study. corrective and preventive actions was proposed through an Integrated Control Plan, which promoted the revision of the health of workers through the use of pre occupational, occupational, medical record entry, re-entry and removal, as well as with the education to prepare staff to correctly address the ergonomic and psychosocial risks, to which must be added the active pauses as a tool to reduce exposure to mental and emotional stress, to achieve the objective of minimizing the effects on physical and mental health workers, thus promoting greater productivity at work.
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Palabras clave
SISTEMAS INTEGRADOS DE GESTIÓN, RIESGOS LABORALES, PLAN OPERATIVO, FARMACIAS