FACTORES QUE INCIDEN EN LA ELECCIÓN VOCACIONAL EN ESTUDIANTES DE 10mo GRADO DE EGB
Fecha
2017-06
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Universidad de Guayaquil Facultad de Ciencias Psicológicas
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El presente estudio se realizó en la Unidad Educativa San José La Salle, durante los meses de julio a diciembre del año 2016. Fueron partícipes de la investigación los miembros del Departamento de Consejería Estudiantil (DECE), docentes, estudiantes de 14 años pertenecientes al 10° Grado de Educación General Básica (EGB) con sus respectivos padres y las practicantes. El objetivo de la investigación fue identificar qué factores inciden en el proceso de elección vocacional de adolescentes de 10° grado de EGB, quienes están próximos a decidir entre las diversas modalidades de Bachillerato, con lo que se pretendía contribuir al desarrollo de su perfil profesional. El estudio se enmarcó en el paradigma cualitativo, con un diseño de investigación de estudio de casos múltiples de metodología combinada. La muestra fue de casos tipo y de participación voluntaria. La investigación se basó en la teoría del desarrollo psicosocial de Erickson y en el enfoque evolutivo de la orientación vocacional, perteneciente a la corriente humanista, específicamente en el modelo sociofenomenológico de desarrollo diferencial de Súper. La recolección de información se realizó mediante la observación, entrevistas semiestructuradas y test psicométricos. Los resultados obtenidos indicaron que los factores que presentan mayor incidencia en la elección vocacional son la familia, el contexto sociocultural, la información sobre la oferta educativa y el ámbito laboral, así como el conocimiento de los intereses y aptitudes propios de cada estudiante, los que permiten el desarrollo del autoconcepto y de una madurez vocacional para llegar a la cristalización de la vocación.
The present study was carried out in the San José La Salle Educational Unit, during the months of July to December of the year 2016. Participants in the investigation were members of the Department of Student Counseling (DECE), teachers, 14-year-old students belonging to the 10 ° Degree in Basic General Education (EGB) with their respective parents and practitioners. The objective of the research was to identify which factors affect the process of vocational choice of adolescents of the 10th grade of GBS, who are close to deciding between the different modalities of Bachillerato, with what was intended to contribute to the development of their professional profile. The study was framed in the qualitative paradigm, with a research design of multiple case studies of combined methodology. The sample was of type cases and voluntary participation. The research was based on the theory of the psychosocial development of Erickson and on the evolutionary approach of the vocational orientation, pertaining to the humanistic current, specifically in the sociofenomenológico model of differential development of Super. The information was collected through observation, semi-structured interviews and psychometric tests. The results obtained indicated that the factors that have the greatest incidence in the vocational choice are the family, the sociocultural context, the information on the educational offer and the work environment, as well as the knowledge of the interests and aptitudes of each student, which they allow the development of the self-concept and a vocational maturity to reach the crystallization of the vocation.
The present study was carried out in the San José La Salle Educational Unit, during the months of July to December of the year 2016. Participants in the investigation were members of the Department of Student Counseling (DECE), teachers, 14-year-old students belonging to the 10 ° Degree in Basic General Education (EGB) with their respective parents and practitioners. The objective of the research was to identify which factors affect the process of vocational choice of adolescents of the 10th grade of GBS, who are close to deciding between the different modalities of Bachillerato, with what was intended to contribute to the development of their professional profile. The study was framed in the qualitative paradigm, with a research design of multiple case studies of combined methodology. The sample was of type cases and voluntary participation. The research was based on the theory of the psychosocial development of Erickson and on the evolutionary approach of the vocational orientation, pertaining to the humanistic current, specifically in the sociofenomenológico model of differential development of Super. The information was collected through observation, semi-structured interviews and psychometric tests. The results obtained indicated that the factors that have the greatest incidence in the vocational choice are the family, the sociocultural context, the information on the educational offer and the work environment, as well as the knowledge of the interests and aptitudes of each student, which they allow the development of the self-concept and a vocational maturity to reach the crystallization of the vocation.
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Palabras clave
orientación vocacional, factores,, autoconcepto, madurez vocacional