Uso de probióticos para reducir la incidencia enterocolitis necrotizante en paciente prematuros menores de 35 semanas y de peso muy bajo
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2016
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
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Antecedente: La Enterocolitis Necrotizante es una enfermedad digestiva adquirida de carácter grave y urgente en el recién nacido que aparece con mayor frecuencia en recién nacidos pretérminos y de muy bajo peso. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el efecto de los probióticos sobre la incidencia y gravedad de la enfermedaden neonatos atendidos en la unidad de neonatología del Hospital de Niños “Dr. Roberto Gilbert Elizalde” durante el año 2016. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo comparativo entre dos grupos de un universo de 189 neonatos pretérmino menores de 35 semanas y de peso inferior a 1500 gramos. El grupo de casos fue tratado de forma preventiva con dos tipos probióticos cuyos principios activos son Bacillus clausii y Saccharomyces boulardii, la metodología utilizada fue de enfoque cuantitativa, no experimental, descriptiva correlacional, Se calculó el riesgo relativo para la enfermedad con una seguridad del 95 %. La frecuencia de enterocolitis necrotizante de los neonatos que recibieron terapia con probióticos y convencional fue inferior a la frecuencia de los que recibieron solo terapia convencional. La frecuencia de ECN fue mayor en neonatos del sexo femenino, con bajo muy bajo peso y en prematuros extremos. Por lo que la propuesta es “programa informativo acerca del uso de probióticos en prematuros menores de 35 semanas y de muy bajo peso” dirigido a padres o cuidadores de los pacientes para prevención de Enterocolitis Necrotizante luego socializar la importancia y necesidad de implementar probióticos en la alimentación de los neonatos
Necrotizing enterocolitis is a gastrointestinal disease acquired serious and urgent in the newborn that appears most frequently in preterm infants and very low birth weight. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of probiotics on the incidence and severity of disease in infants treated in the neonatal unit at Children's Hospital "Dr. Roberto Gilbert Elizalde "during the year XXX.A comparative retrospective study between two groups of 189 preterm infants less than 35 weeks and less than 1500 grams was performed. The case group was treated preventively with two probiotics types whose active principle is Bacillus and Saccharomyces boulardii clausii, the relative risk for disease with a 95% confidence was calculated. The frequency of necrotizing enterocolitis of infants receiving probiotics and conventional therapy was lower than the frequency of those who received only conventional therapy. ECN frequency was higher in female infants with very low weight and low in preterm. RR = 0.46 was obtained, so the risk of developing NEC for the group receiving probiotics preventively was lower compared with the group of infants who did not receive them. The preventive use of Enterogermina and Floratil in infants less than 35 weeks and 1500 g reduced the risk of developing NEC and proved to be a protective factor for the disease.
Necrotizing enterocolitis is a gastrointestinal disease acquired serious and urgent in the newborn that appears most frequently in preterm infants and very low birth weight. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of probiotics on the incidence and severity of disease in infants treated in the neonatal unit at Children's Hospital "Dr. Roberto Gilbert Elizalde "during the year XXX.A comparative retrospective study between two groups of 189 preterm infants less than 35 weeks and less than 1500 grams was performed. The case group was treated preventively with two probiotics types whose active principle is Bacillus and Saccharomyces boulardii clausii, the relative risk for disease with a 95% confidence was calculated. The frequency of necrotizing enterocolitis of infants receiving probiotics and conventional therapy was lower than the frequency of those who received only conventional therapy. ECN frequency was higher in female infants with very low weight and low in preterm. RR = 0.46 was obtained, so the risk of developing NEC for the group receiving probiotics preventively was lower compared with the group of infants who did not receive them. The preventive use of Enterogermina and Floratil in infants less than 35 weeks and 1500 g reduced the risk of developing NEC and proved to be a protective factor for the disease.
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RECIEN NACIDO, PREMATURO, ENTEROCOLITIS NECROTIZANTE, BAJO PESO AL NACER, PROBIOTICOS, EPIDEMIOLOGIA DESCRIPTIVA, HOSPITAL DE NIÑOS DR. ROBERTO GILBERT ELIZALDE, CANTON GUAYAQUIL, ECUADOR