Éstudio de la pérdida auditiva en los trabajadores de latonería de una empresa del sector automotriz en el Ecuador.
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Fecha
2022-04-04
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ingeniería Industrial. Maestría en Seguridad, Salud e Higiene Industrial.
Resumen
El número de estudios sobre los problemas que ocasiona el ruido, en el sector
automotriz es limitado, existen estudios de forma general sobre el ruido y las
consecuencias que se producen debido a la exposición en ambientes abiertos,
producidos por los automóviles. Por otra parte, hay que recalcar que no existen
estudios específicos, sobre los problemas de hipoacusia que presentan los
trabajadores en áreas determinadas como Latonería, por lo cual el estudio de estos
temas es importante a la hora de prevenir riesgos de hipoacusia, y enfocarse en
tomar medidas técnicas y organizativas, para minimizarlos. El objetivo del estudio
es conocer las sub-áreas con mayor incidencia en problemas de hipoacusia dentro
del área de Latonería, así mismo se trata de identificar los tipos de hipoacusia según
su intensidad, que presentan los trabajadores de cada una de las áreas analizadas.
Por otra parte, las evaluaciones efectuadas por medio de audiometrías a todo el
personal del área, permitirá identificar la hipoacusia por su lateralidad, es decir, de
la población analizada, se podrá reconocer a los trabajadores que padecen
problemas auditivos unilaterales, según sea este en el oído izquierdo o el oído
derecho y así mismo si padecen de Hipoacusia bilateral. Se realizó un estudio
descriptivo a 27 trabajadores del área de Latonería de una empresa del sector
automotriz, expuestos a un nivel de ruido continuo diario mayor o igual a 85
decibelios (dB) en su jornada laboral; los resultados obtenidos por las audiometrías
permitió distinguir y sectorizar los valores según la Hipoacusia por su intensidad,
se obtuvo que el 37% padecen de Hipoacusia leve, el 4% Hipoacusia moderada y
un 7% con Hipoacusia profunda, así mismo de forma general la población analizada
representa un 48% con problemas de Hipoacusia. Otros de los resultados obtenidos
por las audiometrías representaron que el 4% sufre de Hipoacusia unilateral en el
oído izquierdo, mientras un 18% sufre de Hipoacusia en el oído derecho y el 26%
padece de Hipoacusia bilateral. Es así que, con estos resultados, también se pudo
identificar el sub-área con mayores problemas de Hipoacusia siendo enderezado
con un 61% de la población analizada, que padecen de estos problemas auditivos.
The number of studies based on the problems caused by noise in the automotive industry is limited, there are general studies on noise and the consequences that occur due to exposure in open environments, produced by cars. On the other hand, it should be noted that there are no specific studies about the problems of hearing loss presented by workers in certain areas such as brasswork area, so the study of these topics is important when it comes to preventing risks of hearing loss, and focus on taking technical and organizational measures, to minimize them. The objective of the study is to know the sub-areas with the highest incidence of hearing loss problems within the brasswork area, as well as to identify the types of hearing loss according to their intensity, which the workers of each of the analyzed areas present. On the other hand, the evaluations carried out by means of audiometry to all the personnel of the area, will allow to identify the hearing loss by its laterality, that is, of the population analyzed, it will be possible to recognize the workers who suffer from unilateral hearing problems, depending on whether it is in the left or the right ear and also if they suffer from bilateral hearing loss. A descriptive study was conducted on 27 workers in the brasswork area of a company in the automotive industry, exposed to a daily continuous noise level greater than or equal to 85 decibels (dB) in their working day; the results obtained by the audiometry allowed to distinguish and sectorize the values according to the Hearing Loss by their intensity, it was obtained that 37% suffer from mild hearing loss, 4% Moderate hearing loss and 7% with profound hearing loss, likewise the general population analyzed represents 48% with hearing loss problems. Other results obtained by the audiometry showed that 4% suffer from unilateral hearing loss in the left ear, while 18% suffer from hearing loss in the right ear and 26% suffer from bilateral hearing loss. Thus, with these results, it was also possible to identify the sub-area with the greatest problems of hearing loss, being represented by 61% of the population analyzed, who suffer from these hearing problems.
The number of studies based on the problems caused by noise in the automotive industry is limited, there are general studies on noise and the consequences that occur due to exposure in open environments, produced by cars. On the other hand, it should be noted that there are no specific studies about the problems of hearing loss presented by workers in certain areas such as brasswork area, so the study of these topics is important when it comes to preventing risks of hearing loss, and focus on taking technical and organizational measures, to minimize them. The objective of the study is to know the sub-areas with the highest incidence of hearing loss problems within the brasswork area, as well as to identify the types of hearing loss according to their intensity, which the workers of each of the analyzed areas present. On the other hand, the evaluations carried out by means of audiometry to all the personnel of the area, will allow to identify the hearing loss by its laterality, that is, of the population analyzed, it will be possible to recognize the workers who suffer from unilateral hearing problems, depending on whether it is in the left or the right ear and also if they suffer from bilateral hearing loss. A descriptive study was conducted on 27 workers in the brasswork area of a company in the automotive industry, exposed to a daily continuous noise level greater than or equal to 85 decibels (dB) in their working day; the results obtained by the audiometry allowed to distinguish and sectorize the values according to the Hearing Loss by their intensity, it was obtained that 37% suffer from mild hearing loss, 4% Moderate hearing loss and 7% with profound hearing loss, likewise the general population analyzed represents 48% with hearing loss problems. Other results obtained by the audiometry showed that 4% suffer from unilateral hearing loss in the left ear, while 18% suffer from hearing loss in the right ear and 26% suffer from bilateral hearing loss. Thus, with these results, it was also possible to identify the sub-area with the greatest problems of hearing loss, being represented by 61% of the population analyzed, who suffer from these hearing problems.
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Palabras clave
SEGURIDAD, SALUD E HIGIENE INDUSTRIAL, PÉRDIDA AUDITIVA, RIESGOS DE HIPOACUSIA, LATAS AUTOMOTRICES