Patrón nutricional metabólico en pacientes oncológicos pediátricos
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2022-05
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Universidad de Guayaquil, Facultad de Ciencias Medicas, Carrera de Enfermería
Resumen
El patrón nutricional metabólico describe los patrones de consumo de alimentos y líquidos. La malnutrición y pérdida de peso es un problema frecuente en los pacientes con cáncer, afecta el pronóstico, prolonga las estadías hospitalarias, encarece los costos y afecta la calidad de vida y la sobrevida. Objetivo: Describir el patrón nutricional metabólico en pacientes oncológicos pediátricos en el Hospital del Niño Dr. Francisco de Icaza Bustamante de Guayaquil. Metodología: con una modalidad cuantitativa, investigación de campo y enfoque positivista deductivo, se aplicó una observación directa a 86 Pacientes oncológicos que presenten alteraciones nutricionales del Hospital del Niño Dr. Francisco de Icaza Bustamante de Guayaquil. Resultado: Se demostró que el 34% de los pacientes tiene una edad de 2 a 5 años, el 69% eran hombres, el 79% reside en áreas urbanas, el 43% presenta una talla baja, el 40% presenta bajo peso, el 41% tiene un IMC severamente emaciado, el 26% lleva una dieta hiposódica, el 33% presenta como diagnóstico NANDA Nutrición desequilibrada. Conclusión: Los pacientes oncológicos pediátricos presentan alteraciones nutricionales como el tener un estado severamente emaciado, por lo tanto, presentaron una baja talla y un bajo peso; así mismo de acuerdo al Diagnóstico NANDA tienen una nutrición desequilibrada, de tal forma que es necesario que el personal de salud implemente guías de alimentación que ayuden a suplir los nutrientes que necesitan para el alcance de un óptimo desarrollo del infante.
The metabolic nutritional pattern describes the patterns of food and liquid consumption. Malnutrition and weight loss is a common problem in cancer patients, affecting prognosis, prolonging hospital stays, increasing costs, and affecting quality of life and survival. Objective: To describe the metabolic nutritional pattern in pediatric cancer patients at the Hospital del Niño Dr. Francisco de Icaza Bustamante in Guayaquil. Methodology: with a quantitative modality, field research and deductive positivist approach, direct observation was applied to 86 cancer patients with nutritional disorders at the Dr. Francisco de Icaza Bustamante Children's Hospital in Guayaquil. Result: It was shown that 34% of the patients are between 2 and 5 years old, 69% were men, 79% reside in urban areas, 43% have short stature, 40% have low weight, 41% have a severely emaciated BMI, 26% have a low sodium diet, 33% have a NANDA diagnosis of unbalanced nutrition. Conclusion: Pediatric cancer patients present nutritional alterations such as having a severely emaciated state, therefore, they presented short stature and low weight; Likewise, according to the NANDA Diagnosis, they have an unbalanced nutrition, in such a way that it is necessary for health personnel to implement feeding guidelines that help supply the nutrients they need to achieve optimal infant development.
The metabolic nutritional pattern describes the patterns of food and liquid consumption. Malnutrition and weight loss is a common problem in cancer patients, affecting prognosis, prolonging hospital stays, increasing costs, and affecting quality of life and survival. Objective: To describe the metabolic nutritional pattern in pediatric cancer patients at the Hospital del Niño Dr. Francisco de Icaza Bustamante in Guayaquil. Methodology: with a quantitative modality, field research and deductive positivist approach, direct observation was applied to 86 cancer patients with nutritional disorders at the Dr. Francisco de Icaza Bustamante Children's Hospital in Guayaquil. Result: It was shown that 34% of the patients are between 2 and 5 years old, 69% were men, 79% reside in urban areas, 43% have short stature, 40% have low weight, 41% have a severely emaciated BMI, 26% have a low sodium diet, 33% have a NANDA diagnosis of unbalanced nutrition. Conclusion: Pediatric cancer patients present nutritional alterations such as having a severely emaciated state, therefore, they presented short stature and low weight; Likewise, according to the NANDA Diagnosis, they have an unbalanced nutrition, in such a way that it is necessary for health personnel to implement feeding guidelines that help supply the nutrients they need to achieve optimal infant development.
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PATRÓN NUTRICIONAL METABÓLICO, PACIENTES, ONCOLOGÍA, PEDIATRÍA