Estrategias preventivas a especies invasoras acuáticas en el interior del Golfo de Guayaquil en el 2011
Fecha
2012
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad de Guayaquil. Unidad de Postgrado Investigación y Desarrollo
Resumen
Las especies invasoras acuáticas son un problema a nivel mundial, causan impactos en la economía local, disminución de calidad del agua, alteración en la biodiversidad y afectan a la salud humana. El Estero Salado y Río Guayas se encuentran al interior del Golfo de Guayaquil, principal estuario del Pacífico Sudeste y zona de producción acuícola y pesca; están influenciados por amenazas de origen natural y antrópicas. El objetivo de esta investigación fue realizar la propuesta de estrategias preventivas a especies invasoras acuáticas registradas en este estudio, a fin de minimizar sus impactos. Se aplicó métodos teórico-empíricos, investigación retrospectiva, prospectiva y correlacional. Los resultados obtenidos en la búsqueda de literatura especializada en especies invasoras evidenciaron presencia en todos los niveles tróficos acuáticos, se registraron sitios webs globales que demuestran la distribución geográfica, impactos (económicos, sociales y ecológicos) y su descripción. En los resultados de especies que causan problemas al interior de algunas camaroneras, se evidenciaron infestación por invasoras a nivel mundial (Potamocorbula amurensis, Procambarus clarkii, Poecilia reticulata, Rupia maritima, Gracilaria sp. y Ficopomatus enigmaticus), infestación por especies locales (Mytella strigata, M. guyanensis, Cerithidia valida) y mareas rojas; su presencia y abundancia se relacionó con hábitats propios del estuario (> materia orgánica y nutrientes), convirtiéndose en un problema para el crecimiento del camarón, cuyas divisas económicas son importantes para el país. Las referencias de estudios de especies locales fueron escasas, debido a la carencia de expertos en taxonomía de grupos invasores. Estos resultados establecen la necesidad de implementar estrategias preventivas en el manejo integrado en el Golfo de Guayaquil y ampliar este estudio a nivel nacional.
In addition, invasive species, which come from ships and shrimp aquaculture activities, are causing negative impacts on the local economy, declining water quality, and also altering biodiversity and human health. The Estero Salado and the Guayas River are part of the Gulf of Guayaquil, which is the main estuary of the Southeast Pacific; this ecosystem is influenced by anthropogenic activities. The objective of this research is to propose preventive strategies to minimize impacts of anthropogenic threats relative to invasive species recorded in this study. Theoretical and empirical methods, retrospective research, and prospective and correlation methodology were used in this study. Invasive species in all the trophic levels were identified from the specialized references. Also, the Web Sites were of big help to identify the geographical distribution, its economical, sociological and ecological impacts. There were lack of references from local studies. This is probably due to the lack of local experts in taxonomy of invasive groups. Invasive species such as Potamocorbula amurensis, Procambarus clarkii, Poecilia reticulata, Rupia maritima, Gracilaria sp. and Ficopomatus enigmaticus, Mytella strigata, M. guyanensis, Cerithidia valida, and red tides were identified in some shrimp pools. The abundance of these species are related to proper habitats of this estuary (> organic matter and nutrients). This is a problem to the growth and development of shrimp, whose income are important for Ecuador. The results from this study establish the necessity to implement preventive strategies for the integral management of the Gulf of Guayaquil.
In addition, invasive species, which come from ships and shrimp aquaculture activities, are causing negative impacts on the local economy, declining water quality, and also altering biodiversity and human health. The Estero Salado and the Guayas River are part of the Gulf of Guayaquil, which is the main estuary of the Southeast Pacific; this ecosystem is influenced by anthropogenic activities. The objective of this research is to propose preventive strategies to minimize impacts of anthropogenic threats relative to invasive species recorded in this study. Theoretical and empirical methods, retrospective research, and prospective and correlation methodology were used in this study. Invasive species in all the trophic levels were identified from the specialized references. Also, the Web Sites were of big help to identify the geographical distribution, its economical, sociological and ecological impacts. There were lack of references from local studies. This is probably due to the lack of local experts in taxonomy of invasive groups. Invasive species such as Potamocorbula amurensis, Procambarus clarkii, Poecilia reticulata, Rupia maritima, Gracilaria sp. and Ficopomatus enigmaticus, Mytella strigata, M. guyanensis, Cerithidia valida, and red tides were identified in some shrimp pools. The abundance of these species are related to proper habitats of this estuary (> organic matter and nutrients). This is a problem to the growth and development of shrimp, whose income are important for Ecuador. The results from this study establish the necessity to implement preventive strategies for the integral management of the Gulf of Guayaquil.
Descripción
Pdf
Palabras clave
INVASORES MARINOS, AGUA DE LASTRE, PLANCTON E INVERTEBRADOS NO NATIVOS, GOLFO DE GUAYAQUIL