Aislamiento y caracterización de hongos rizosféricos solubizadores de fósforo asociados a los cultivos de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum) y arroz (Oriza sativa)
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2024
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Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Universidad de Guayaquil
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Los minerales, especialmente el fósforo; son cruciales para los suelos agrícolas donde los, hongos solubilizadores de fosfato (HSF) tienen un rol muy importante en la biodisponibilidad de los nutrientes para las plantas. Este trabajo se centró en el aislamiento y caracterización de hongos rizosféricos solubilizadores de fósforo; asociados a los cultivos de tomate y arroz. Para ello, se llevó a cabo la selección de cepas en medio de cultivo NBRIP sólido con 3 concentraciones diferentes de fosfato tricálcico (1%, 0,50% y 0,10%), donde su capacidad de solubilización se determinó por la aproximación de halos hialinos alrededor de las colonias fúngicas, y calculando el índice de solubilización (2,28 mm). Además, de emplear el método de ácido ascórbico para medir la concentración de fósforo soluble en el medio de cultivo NBRIP líquido (15,50 ± 0,67 mg/L). Las cepas fueron codificadas como HSPA para el cultivo de arroz y HSPT para el de tomate, dentro de estos grupos, la cepa HSPT4 fue el que obtuvo la mayor capacidad de solubilización en ambos análisis. En cuanto a la caracterización molecular, las cepas seleccionadas fueron sometidos a la amplificación por PCR usando los códigos de barras de las regiones ITS 1 e ITS 4, identificándose como HSPA1-Talaromyces veerkampii, HSPT1-Talaromyces versatilis y HSPT4-Talaromyces purpureogenus. Finalmente, se observó una correlación positiva moderada entre la concentración de fósforo y el pH final para concentraciones del 1% y 0,50%, mientras que para el 0,10% se registró una correlación más débil. Este trabajo presenta dos nuevas cepas de hongos (HSPA 1 y HSPT 1) capaces de solubilizar fósforo, reportadas por primera vez en el país.
Minerals, especially phosphorus, are crucial for agricultural soils where phosphate solubilizing fungi (PSF) play a very important role in the bioavailability of nutrients to plants. This work focused on the isolation and characterization of phosphorus solubilizing rhizospheric fungi associated with tomato and rice crops. For this purpose, the selection of strains was carried out in solid NBRIP culture medium with 3 different concentrations of tricalcium phosphate (1%, 0,50% and 0,10%), where their solubilization capacity was determined by the approximation of hyaline halos around the fungal colonies and calculating the solubilization index (2,28 mm). In addition, the ascorbic acid method was used to measure the concentration of soluble phosphorus in the liquid NBRIP culture medium (15,50 ± 0,67 mg/L). The strains were coded as HSPA for the rice culture and HSPT for the tomato culture; within these groups, strain HSPT4 was the one that obtained the highest solubilization capacity in both analyses. Regarding molecular characterization, the selected strains were subjected to PCR amplification using the barcodes of the ITS 1 and ITS 4 regions, being identified as HSPA1-Talaromyces veerkampii, HSPT1-Talaromyces versatilis and HSPT4-Talaromyces purpureogenus. Finally, a moderate positive correlation between phosphorus concentration and final pH was observed for concentrations of 1% and 0,50%, while a weaker correlation was recorded for 0,10%. This work presents two new fungal strains (HSPA1 and HSPT1) capable of solubilizing phosphorus, reported for the first time in the country.
Minerals, especially phosphorus, are crucial for agricultural soils where phosphate solubilizing fungi (PSF) play a very important role in the bioavailability of nutrients to plants. This work focused on the isolation and characterization of phosphorus solubilizing rhizospheric fungi associated with tomato and rice crops. For this purpose, the selection of strains was carried out in solid NBRIP culture medium with 3 different concentrations of tricalcium phosphate (1%, 0,50% and 0,10%), where their solubilization capacity was determined by the approximation of hyaline halos around the fungal colonies and calculating the solubilization index (2,28 mm). In addition, the ascorbic acid method was used to measure the concentration of soluble phosphorus in the liquid NBRIP culture medium (15,50 ± 0,67 mg/L). The strains were coded as HSPA for the rice culture and HSPT for the tomato culture; within these groups, strain HSPT4 was the one that obtained the highest solubilization capacity in both analyses. Regarding molecular characterization, the selected strains were subjected to PCR amplification using the barcodes of the ITS 1 and ITS 4 regions, being identified as HSPA1-Talaromyces veerkampii, HSPT1-Talaromyces versatilis and HSPT4-Talaromyces purpureogenus. Finally, a moderate positive correlation between phosphorus concentration and final pH was observed for concentrations of 1% and 0,50%, while a weaker correlation was recorded for 0,10%. This work presents two new fungal strains (HSPA1 and HSPT1) capable of solubilizing phosphorus, reported for the first time in the country.
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TALAROMYCES, FOSFATO TRICÁLCICO, ITS, NBRIP, HONGOS RIZOSFÉRICOS