Farmacología aplicada a la odontopediatría
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2011-04-15
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad Piloto de Odontología
Resumen
El empleo inapropiado de los fármacos durante la infancia es uno de los
factores conocidos que más contribuye en el problema de aparición de
resistencias. La mayor parte de estos errores tienen su origen en que el
profesional que ha prescrito los fármacos no ha tenido suficiente información,
relativa a ese medicamento. También influye el no poder contar con
información clínica sobre anteriores episodios del niño o posibles alergias,
así como los resultados de pruebas analíticas que se le hayan realizado con
anterioridad.
Los errores en la dosificación y administración de los fármacos, que se
producen en adultos, se pueden multiplicar por 3 o 6 veces en el caso de los
pacientes pediátricos.
Es importante que el odontopediatra ajuste la dosis a la edad y
características fisiopatologías del niño, como también lo es que conozca la
farmacocinética y de la farmacodinamia de los medicamentos en el niño,
que no son ni mucho menos superponibles al adulto y que dentro de la
población pediátrica, son a su vez diferente en función de la edad del
paciente y del grado de maduración de sus órganos y sistemas.
En referencia a la farmacocinética, debemos conocer que la absorción de los
fármacos administrados en niños puede ser muy variable dependiendo del
PH gástrico, la motilidad intestinal o el riego tisular. La distribución puede
también diferir debido a la distinta composición orgánica esto es el contenido
de agua y grasa, y su elimininacion se encuentra condicionada por el grado
de madurez hepática y renal de cada paciente pediátrico, entre otros
factores.
No existen reglas fijas para el cálculo de la dosis óptima de un medicamento
determinado para su utilización en niños. Las múltiples aproximaciones que
se han descrito, hasta la fecha, revelan la complejidad real de este problema.
La utilización de la edad del niño como guía para el ajuste de la dosis puede
provocar errores graves al no tener en cuenta las amplias variaciones de
peso de los niños de un mismo grupo de edad.
Improper use of drugs during childhood is one of the known factors that contribute to the problem of emergence of resistance. Most of these errors are caused by the professional who prescribed the drugs have not had enough information , on the drug. It also influences the inability to have clinical information about previous episodes of the child or any allergies , and the results of laboratory tests which have been conducted with previously. The errors in dosing and administration of drugs that occur in adults , can be multiplied by 3 to 6 times in the case of pediatric patients. It is important that the dentist adjust dose to age and pathophysiologies characteristics of the child , as it is also known that the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs in children , they are not nearly superimposable adult and within the pediatric population , are in turn different depending on the age of the patient and the degree of maturation of their organ systems. In reference to the pharmacokinetics , we know that the absorption administered drugs in children can vary greatly depending on the PH gastric , intestinal motility or tissue irrigation . The distribution can also differ because of the different organic composition that is content water and fat , and elimininacion is conditioned by the degree Liver and kidney maturity of each pediatric patient , including factors. There are no fixed rules for the calculation of the optimal dose of a drug determined for use in children . Multiple approaches have been reported to date reveal the actual complexity of this problem . The use of the child's age as a guide for adjusting the dose may cause serious error in not taking into account the wide variations in weight of children of the same age group.
Improper use of drugs during childhood is one of the known factors that contribute to the problem of emergence of resistance. Most of these errors are caused by the professional who prescribed the drugs have not had enough information , on the drug. It also influences the inability to have clinical information about previous episodes of the child or any allergies , and the results of laboratory tests which have been conducted with previously. The errors in dosing and administration of drugs that occur in adults , can be multiplied by 3 to 6 times in the case of pediatric patients. It is important that the dentist adjust dose to age and pathophysiologies characteristics of the child , as it is also known that the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs in children , they are not nearly superimposable adult and within the pediatric population , are in turn different depending on the age of the patient and the degree of maturation of their organ systems. In reference to the pharmacokinetics , we know that the absorption administered drugs in children can vary greatly depending on the PH gastric , intestinal motility or tissue irrigation . The distribution can also differ because of the different organic composition that is content water and fat , and elimininacion is conditioned by the degree Liver and kidney maturity of each pediatric patient , including factors. There are no fixed rules for the calculation of the optimal dose of a drug determined for use in children . Multiple approaches have been reported to date reveal the actual complexity of this problem . The use of the child's age as a guide for adjusting the dose may cause serious error in not taking into account the wide variations in weight of children of the same age group.
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ODONTOLOGIA PEDIATRICA, FARMACOLOGIA