Estudio comparativo de la capacidad antioxidante de la hoja y pulpa de la guanábana (Anona muricata L.)
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2022
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
Resumen
Annona muricata, es una fruta exótica que ahora está ingresando al mercado comercial donde se ha vuelto ampliamente conocida. En Ecuador se cultiva en las provincias de Esmeraldas, Guayas, Embapura, Los Ríos, Manabe, Morona Santiago y Napo. Informes anteriores indicaron que Annona muricata L. se usaba como insecticida y parasiticida. Diversos estudios muestran que Annona muricata L contiene hasta 37 compuestos fenólicos. La fruta también tiene un contenido de flavonoides y es de gran importancia porque ayuda al cuerpo humano en el tratamiento de diversas enfermedades. Se ha demostrado que la actividad antioxidante está más presente en las hojas y semillas que en la cáscara de Annona muricata L. La mayor capacidad antioxidante de las hojas y semillas de, se debe a la presencia de enzimas y antioxidantes no enzimáticos. incluyendo catalasa y superóxido dismutasa, así como tocoferol y ácido ascórbico. Identificamos a través de diversos ensayos la presencia de polifenoles totales y flavonoides empleando diferentes técnicas. A la vez varios solventes fueron utilizados para la óptima preparación de extractos. La composición de solvente 90:10 fue la más eficiente. En este solvente, se obtuvo para los extractos de hojas una concentración de polifenoles totales de 79.54 mg EAG/100 g. En el extracto de fruto verde se obtuvo un valor de 68.21 mg EAG/100 g y 55.12 mg EAG/100 g en el extracto de fruta madura. La determinación de flavonoides se realizó por la técnica de coloración-cualitativa Shinoda dando resultado positivo en los tres extractos: fruta verde, fruta madura y hojas.
Annona muricata, is an exotic fruit that is now entering the commercial market where it has become widely known. In Ecuador it is grown in the provinces of Esmeraldas, Guayas, Embapura, Los Ríos, Manabe, Morona Santiago and Napo. Previous reports indicated that Annona muricata L. was used as an insecticide and parasiticide. Various studies show that Annona muricata L contains up to 37 phenolic compounds. The fruit also has flavonoid content and is of great importance because it helps the human body in treating various diseases. It has been shown that the antioxidant activity is more present in the leaves and seeds than in the peel of Annona muricata L. The higher antioxidant capacity of the leaves and seeds of Annona muricata L is due to the presence of enzymes and non-enzymatic antioxidants. including catalase and superoxide dismutase, as well as tocopherol and ascorbic acid. In this study we demonstrated the presence of total polyphenols and flavonoids. The efficiency of several solvents was also investigated. The solvent mixture of 90:10 was overall the most efficient. In this solvent mix, the leaf extract samples had a concentration of 79.54 mg EAG/100 g. The green fruit extract had 68.21 mg EAG/100 g, and 55.12 mg EAG/100 g in the ripe fruit extract. The determination of flavonoids was carried out by the qualitative Shinoda coloration technique, giving a positive result in all three extracts: green fruit, ripe fruit, and leaves.
Annona muricata, is an exotic fruit that is now entering the commercial market where it has become widely known. In Ecuador it is grown in the provinces of Esmeraldas, Guayas, Embapura, Los Ríos, Manabe, Morona Santiago and Napo. Previous reports indicated that Annona muricata L. was used as an insecticide and parasiticide. Various studies show that Annona muricata L contains up to 37 phenolic compounds. The fruit also has flavonoid content and is of great importance because it helps the human body in treating various diseases. It has been shown that the antioxidant activity is more present in the leaves and seeds than in the peel of Annona muricata L. The higher antioxidant capacity of the leaves and seeds of Annona muricata L is due to the presence of enzymes and non-enzymatic antioxidants. including catalase and superoxide dismutase, as well as tocopherol and ascorbic acid. In this study we demonstrated the presence of total polyphenols and flavonoids. The efficiency of several solvents was also investigated. The solvent mixture of 90:10 was overall the most efficient. In this solvent mix, the leaf extract samples had a concentration of 79.54 mg EAG/100 g. The green fruit extract had 68.21 mg EAG/100 g, and 55.12 mg EAG/100 g in the ripe fruit extract. The determination of flavonoids was carried out by the qualitative Shinoda coloration technique, giving a positive result in all three extracts: green fruit, ripe fruit, and leaves.
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ANNONA MURICATA L ( GUANÁBANA), FLAVONOIDES, POLIFENOLES TOTALES, ACTIVIDAD ANTIOXIDANTE, SOLVENTES