Estudio bibliográfico comparativo de los compuestos químicos y del efecto antiinflamatorio presentes en el jengibre (Zingiber officinale R.) y la cúrcuma (Curcuma longa L.)
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2022
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
Resumen
La inflamación es la respuesta de un organismo a una variedad de ataques intrínsecos o extrínsecos, tanto las respuestas inmunitarias innatas como la adquirida están involucradas en este proceso. La presente investigación bibliográfica tiene por objetivo comparar los compuestos químicos y el efecto antiinflamatorio presentes en los extractos obtenidos de jengibre (Zingiber officinale R.) y cúrcuma (Curcuma longa L.), a través de métodos cualitativos (tamizaje fitoquímico, cromatografía de capa fina) que permitirán identificar que compuestos fitoquímicos son responsables de la actividad antiinflamatoria, y método cuantitativo (espectroscopia Uv-visible) que determinara la cantidad del analito presente en la muestra, y se comparara los extractos de ambas muestras frente a un medicamento de referencia por medio de la prueba de edema plantar inducido por Carragenina.
La investigación evidencio, que en el rizoma de jengibre (Zingiber officinale R.) se encontraron los flavonoides, triterpenos, esteroides, resinas, taninos, fenoles, aceites, compuestos grasos, cumarinas y azucares reductores. En cuanto al rizoma de la cúrcuma (Curcuma longa L.) los flavonoides, azucares reductores, taninos, fenoles, cumarinas, aceites y compuestos grasos. Siendo los aceites y compuestos grasos los que se encuentran en mayor abundancia en ambos rizomas, además de comparar la actividad antiinflamatoria en ambos rizomas. A partir de los análisis y las revisiones efectuados en el método in vivo se logró establecer que la cúrcuma (Curcuma longa L.) posee mayor capacidad antiinflamatoria que el jengibre (Zingiber officinale R.) y el medicamento antiinflamatorio de referencia. Finalmente podemos deducir que ambas especies poseen propiedades beneficiosas para tratar ciertas enfermedades o afecciones, pudiendo ser consumidas en la dieta diaria.
Inflammation is the response of an organism to a variety of intrinsic or extrinsic attacks, both innate and acquired immune responses are involved in this process. The present bibliographic research aims to compare the chemical compounds and the anti-inflammatory effect present in extracts obtained from ginger (Zingiber officinale R.) and turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), through qualitative methods (phytochemical screening, thin layer chromatography) that will allow identifying which phytochemical compounds are responsible for the anti-inflammatory activity, and quantitative method (Uv-visible spectroscopy) that will determine the amount of the analyte present in the sample, and the extracts of both samples will be compared against a reference drug by means of the Carrageenan-induced plantar edema test. The research showed that flavonoids, triterpenes, steroids, resins, tannins, phenols, oils, fatty compounds, coumarins and reducing sugars were found in the rhizome of ginger (Zingiber officinale R.). As for turmeric rhizome (Curcuma longa L.) flavonoids, reducing sugars, tannins, phenols, coumarins, oils and fatty compounds were found. Being the oils and fatty compounds those found in greater abundance in both rhizomes, in addition to comparing the anti-inflammatory activity in both rhizomes. From the analyses and reviews carried out in the in vivo method, it was possible to establish that turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) has greater anti-inflammatory capacity than ginger (Zingiber officinale R.) and the reference anti-inflammatory drug. Finally, we can deduce that both species have beneficial properties to treat certain diseases or conditions and can be consumed in the daily diet.
Inflammation is the response of an organism to a variety of intrinsic or extrinsic attacks, both innate and acquired immune responses are involved in this process. The present bibliographic research aims to compare the chemical compounds and the anti-inflammatory effect present in extracts obtained from ginger (Zingiber officinale R.) and turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), through qualitative methods (phytochemical screening, thin layer chromatography) that will allow identifying which phytochemical compounds are responsible for the anti-inflammatory activity, and quantitative method (Uv-visible spectroscopy) that will determine the amount of the analyte present in the sample, and the extracts of both samples will be compared against a reference drug by means of the Carrageenan-induced plantar edema test. The research showed that flavonoids, triterpenes, steroids, resins, tannins, phenols, oils, fatty compounds, coumarins and reducing sugars were found in the rhizome of ginger (Zingiber officinale R.). As for turmeric rhizome (Curcuma longa L.) flavonoids, reducing sugars, tannins, phenols, coumarins, oils and fatty compounds were found. Being the oils and fatty compounds those found in greater abundance in both rhizomes, in addition to comparing the anti-inflammatory activity in both rhizomes. From the analyses and reviews carried out in the in vivo method, it was possible to establish that turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) has greater anti-inflammatory capacity than ginger (Zingiber officinale R.) and the reference anti-inflammatory drug. Finally, we can deduce that both species have beneficial properties to treat certain diseases or conditions and can be consumed in the daily diet.
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JENGIBRE (ZINGIBER OFFICINALIS), CÚRCUMA, ACTIVIDAD ANTIINFLAMATORIA, COMPUESTOS QUÍMICOS