Adherencia al tratamiento de asma bronquial.
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2021
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Tecnología Médica
Resumen
El asma bronquial es una patología que afecta las vías aéreas inferiores, es muy común en los
infantes, esta patología no solo afecta al estilo de vida del paciente como tal, sino también a su
entorno. El correcto seguimiento del profesional de la salud y el cumplimiento de la
prescripción médica por parte del paciente es un indicador de una correcta adherencia al
tratamiento. El objetivo del presente trabajo es evidenciar las limitaciones, así como también
los factores negativos que influyen en la adherencia al tratamiento de los pacientes con asma.
La metodología de estudio utilizada comprende una revisión bibliográfica de publicaciones
científicas, en los que se analizaron diferentes factores que condicionan una mala adherencia
al tratamiento del asma bronquial. en una revisión sistemática de 50 artículos, se evidencia que
los factores que influyen a que los pacientes tengan una mala adherencia al tratamiento del
asma bronquial, esta como primer factor el desconocimiento de la enfermedad y la falta de
práctica del uso de los dispositivos, la creencia de padres e hijos es otro factor que apunta con
un elevado nivel de impacto sobre la adherencia al tratamiento del asma, las características
sociodemográficas de los cuidadores y problemas que enfrentan en la atención del niño con,
conductas de preocupación y necesidad al tratamiento está en los puntos inferiores pero no de
escasa validez de estudio, en la mala adherencia en el tratamiento del asma bronquial con el
uso de inhaladores de dosis medida, teniendo que se evidenció que el uso incorrecto de los
inhaladores o la falta de usos de ellos es provocado porque los pacientes presentan abandono
luego de sentir una leve mejoría en los síntomas, obteniendo como principal causa del
incumplimiento: la desinformación, el poco compromiso, la automedicación y el costo de esta
misma.
Bronchial asthma is a pathology that affects the lower airways, it is very common in infants, this pathology not only affects the patient's lifestyle as such, but also their environment. Correct monitoring by the health professional and compliance with the medical prescription by the patient is an indicator of correct adherence to treatment. The objective of this study is to show the limitations, as well as the negative factors that influence the adherence to treatment of patients with asthma. The study methodology used includes a bibliographic review of scientific publications, in which different factors that determine poor adherence to bronchial asthma treatment were analyzed. In a systematic review of 50 articles, it is evidenced that the factors that influence patients having poor adherence to bronchial asthma treatment, the first factor being ignorance of the disease and lack of practice in the use of the devices, The belief of parents and children is another factor that points to a high level of impact on adherence to asthma treatment, the sociodemographic characteristics of the caregivers and problems faced in caring for the child with, behaviors of concern and need for treatment. in the lower points but not of low validity of the study, in the poor adherence in the treatment of bronchial asthma with the use of metered dose inhalers, having that it was evidenced that the incorrect use of the inhalers or the lack of use of them is caused because patients drop out after feeling a slight improvement in symptoms, obtaining as the main cause of non-compliance: misinformation, little commitment, self-medication and the cost of it.
Bronchial asthma is a pathology that affects the lower airways, it is very common in infants, this pathology not only affects the patient's lifestyle as such, but also their environment. Correct monitoring by the health professional and compliance with the medical prescription by the patient is an indicator of correct adherence to treatment. The objective of this study is to show the limitations, as well as the negative factors that influence the adherence to treatment of patients with asthma. The study methodology used includes a bibliographic review of scientific publications, in which different factors that determine poor adherence to bronchial asthma treatment were analyzed. In a systematic review of 50 articles, it is evidenced that the factors that influence patients having poor adherence to bronchial asthma treatment, the first factor being ignorance of the disease and lack of practice in the use of the devices, The belief of parents and children is another factor that points to a high level of impact on adherence to asthma treatment, the sociodemographic characteristics of the caregivers and problems faced in caring for the child with, behaviors of concern and need for treatment. in the lower points but not of low validity of the study, in the poor adherence in the treatment of bronchial asthma with the use of metered dose inhalers, having that it was evidenced that the incorrect use of the inhalers or the lack of use of them is caused because patients drop out after feeling a slight improvement in symptoms, obtaining as the main cause of non-compliance: misinformation, little commitment, self-medication and the cost of it.
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ASMA, PEDIATRIA, ADHERENCIA AL TRATAMIENTO, CALIDAD DE VIDA, CANTON GUAYAQUIL, ECUADOR, REVISION BIBLIOGRAFICA