Estudio de la calidad microbiológica de los pescados frescos de exportación
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2001
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
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El presente trabajo describe el estudio de la calidad microbiológica de los pescados frescos de exportación, realizado entre Febrero del 2000 y Febrero del 2001, en muestras de empresas pesqueras ubicadas en las provincias de Manabí y Guayas. Se investigaron 246 muestras de 5 especies: 35 de Skipjack; 43 de Yellowfin, 50 de Bigeye, 56 de Pez Espada y 62 muestras de Picudo. Se utilizó las metodologías de: La Comisión Internacional de Especificaciones Microbiológicas para Alimentos (ICMSF); las normas del Manual Analítico Bacteriológico (BAM) de la FDA; y las técnicas descritas en la Asociación Química Analítica Oficial (AOAC). Los valores obtenidos del Contaje Total de Aerobios (TVC) a 25°C, estuvieron comprendidos dentro de las rangos internacionales aceptados, determinándose que 45 es decir el 18% de las muestras presentaron valores entre 10 (1 x 101) y 1000 (1 x 103) Unidades Formadoras de Colonias por gramo (UFC/g); el 42% (103) alcanzó cifras entre 1001 (1.1x103) y 10000 (1x104) UFC/g, y el 40% (98) obtuvo contajes de bacterias entre 10001 (1,1x104) y 100000 (1x105). Los resultados para la determinación de coliformes fecales fueron, para el 48% de las muestras valores de menor a 3 (<3) Número Más Probable por gramo (NMP/g); el 29% de las muestras presentó valores entre 3 y 9.2 NMP/g; el 18% dió valores entre 9.3 y 35 NMP/g y el 5% valores entre 36 y 64 NMP/g. Se determinó Ausencia en el 100% de las muestras analizadas para las pruebas de bacterias como: Vibrio cholerae, Estafilococos aureus, Escherichia coli y Salmonella, que son las causas más comunes de las ETAS .
The present work describes the study of the quality microbiological of the fresh fish of export, carried out between February of the 2000 and February of the 2001, in patterns from fishing companies been located in Manabí and Guayas. 246 patterns of 5 species: 35 of Skipjack; 43 of Yellowfin, 50 of Bigeye, 56 of Fish Sword and 62 patterns of Picudo. The patterns were analyzed following the methodologies of: The International Commission of Microbiológicas Specifications for Foods (ICMSF); the norms of the Manual Analytic Bacteriológico (BAM) of the FDA; and the techniques described in the Association of Official Analytical Chemist (AOAC). It was checked that they values gotten of the Total Contaje of Aerobios (TVC) at 25°C, was understood within the international accepted ranges, determining it that 45 that is to say the 18% they of the patterns presented security between 10 (1 x 101) and 1000 (1 x 103) Formadoras Units of Colonies for gram (UFC/g); the 42% (103) it reached figures between 1001 (1.1x103) and 10000 (1x104) UFC/ g, and the 40% (98) it got contajes of bacterias between 10001 (1,1x104) and 100000 (1x105). The outputs for the determination of fecal coliform were, for the 48% you of the patterns value of minor at 3 (< 3) More Probable Number for gram (NMP/g); the 29% of the patterns presented security between 3 and 9.2 NMP/ g; the 18% the values were between 35 and 9.3 NMP g and the 5% security between 36 and 64 NMP/ g. Absence in the 100% was determined you of the patterns analyzed for them taste bacterias like: Vibrio cholerae, Estafilococos aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella, that they are the most common causes of the ETAS.
The present work describes the study of the quality microbiological of the fresh fish of export, carried out between February of the 2000 and February of the 2001, in patterns from fishing companies been located in Manabí and Guayas. 246 patterns of 5 species: 35 of Skipjack; 43 of Yellowfin, 50 of Bigeye, 56 of Fish Sword and 62 patterns of Picudo. The patterns were analyzed following the methodologies of: The International Commission of Microbiológicas Specifications for Foods (ICMSF); the norms of the Manual Analytic Bacteriológico (BAM) of the FDA; and the techniques described in the Association of Official Analytical Chemist (AOAC). It was checked that they values gotten of the Total Contaje of Aerobios (TVC) at 25°C, was understood within the international accepted ranges, determining it that 45 that is to say the 18% they of the patterns presented security between 10 (1 x 101) and 1000 (1 x 103) Formadoras Units of Colonies for gram (UFC/g); the 42% (103) it reached figures between 1001 (1.1x103) and 10000 (1x104) UFC/ g, and the 40% (98) it got contajes of bacterias between 10001 (1,1x104) and 100000 (1x105). The outputs for the determination of fecal coliform were, for the 48% you of the patterns value of minor at 3 (< 3) More Probable Number for gram (NMP/g); the 29% of the patterns presented security between 3 and 9.2 NMP/ g; the 18% the values were between 35 and 9.3 NMP g and the 5% security between 36 and 64 NMP/ g. Absence in the 100% was determined you of the patterns analyzed for them taste bacterias like: Vibrio cholerae, Estafilococos aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella, that they are the most common causes of the ETAS.
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CONTROL DEL PESCADO, CONSERVACIÓN DE PRODUCTOS PESQUEROS, MICROBIOLOGÍA DE ALIMENTOS, INDUSTRIA PESQUERA, TECNOLOGÍA DE ALIMENTOS