Optimización del consumo del agua a través de un diseño de tratamiento de aguas residuales y recirculación
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Fecha
2017
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Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Universidad de Guayaquil
Resumen
El presente trabajo de investigación consideró la optimización del consumo de agua a través de un diseño de tratamiento de aguas residuales y recirculación en una Institución Educativa del cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador. Para el desarrollo de este sistema se determinó el caudal promedio generado de aguas residuales a través de un monitoreo por 21 días laborables en el mes de enero en un horario de 07:20 a 14:15, en donde por medio de una bitácora diaria se registró los caudales obtenidos para posteriormente obtener un promedio mensual de agua generada. Para conocer la eficiencia del sistema actual se procedió a realizar monitoreos de calidad del agua obteniéndose que los resultados no cumplen con los niveles máximos permisibles dispuestos en la normativa ambiental aplicable. Posteriormente se evaluó las condiciones actuales del sistema para poder incorporarlo al nuevo diseño propuesto, realizando para esto, diseños experimentales a través de un lecho de arena a escala, para conocer la eficiencia que este proceso tendría dentro del sistema de tratamiento a diseñarse, y con el cual se obtuvieron resultados favorables para el tipo de agua con la cual se estaba trabajando. Procesos como la sedimentación y desinfección fueron incorporados al sistema de tratamiento y recirculación en los sanitarios (baños y urinarios), fue importante incluir al diseño filtros decloradores en las tuberías dirigidas al riego del jardín dado que se requiere agua libre de cloro para el cuidado de las plantas; la infraestructura, las condiciones del terreno, el caudal promedio de consumo y el sistema sanitario (tuberías) existente fueron factores claves para el correcto dimensionamiento del proyecto propuesto.
The present research considered the optimization of water consumption through a wastewater treatment and recirculation design in an Educational Institution of Guayaquil, Ecuador. For the development of this system was determined the average flow generated from wastewater through a monitoring for 21 working days in the month of January in a time from 07:20 to 14:15, where by means of a daily log was recorded the obtained flows to later obtain a monthly average of water generated. To know the efficiency of the current system, water quality monitoring was carried out, obtaining that the values do not comply with the maximum permissible levels set forth in the applicable environmental regulations. Subsequently, the current conditions of the system were evaluated in order to be able to incorporate it into the proposed new design, making for this, experimental designs through a bed of sand at scale, to know the efficiency that this process would have within the treatment system to be designed, and with which obtained favorable results for the type of water with which it was being worked. Processes such as sedimentation and disinfection were incorporated into the treatment and recirculation system in toilets (toilets and urinals), it was important to include dechlorinating filters in pipelines directed to garden irrigation since chlorine-free water was required for the care of the plants; the infrastructure, the conditions of the land, the average flow of consumption and the existing sanitary system (pipes) were key factors for the correct dimensioning of the proposed project.
The present research considered the optimization of water consumption through a wastewater treatment and recirculation design in an Educational Institution of Guayaquil, Ecuador. For the development of this system was determined the average flow generated from wastewater through a monitoring for 21 working days in the month of January in a time from 07:20 to 14:15, where by means of a daily log was recorded the obtained flows to later obtain a monthly average of water generated. To know the efficiency of the current system, water quality monitoring was carried out, obtaining that the values do not comply with the maximum permissible levels set forth in the applicable environmental regulations. Subsequently, the current conditions of the system were evaluated in order to be able to incorporate it into the proposed new design, making for this, experimental designs through a bed of sand at scale, to know the efficiency that this process would have within the treatment system to be designed, and with which obtained favorable results for the type of water with which it was being worked. Processes such as sedimentation and disinfection were incorporated into the treatment and recirculation system in toilets (toilets and urinals), it was important to include dechlorinating filters in pipelines directed to garden irrigation since chlorine-free water was required for the care of the plants; the infrastructure, the conditions of the land, the average flow of consumption and the existing sanitary system (pipes) were key factors for the correct dimensioning of the proposed project.
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SISTEMA DE TRATAMIENTO, RECIRCULACION, DECLORACION, SEDIMENTACION