Estimulación cognitiva para mejorar el nivel de autonomía en pacientes adultos crónicos con esquizofrenia
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Fecha
2015
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Tecnología Médica
Resumen
El presente trabajo investigativo demuestra que un 80% del grupo
seleccionado para la muestra tenia deterioro cognitivo moderado, lo que en
definitiva indica que la esquizofrenia es uno de los trastornos
psicopatológicos más graves con elevados costos sociales e individuales
para quien la padece, los porcentajes elevados en el nivel de deterioro
evidencian que los procesos cognitivos del paciente siempre se verán
alterados, siendo relevantes los procesos atencionales, y concentración
disminuida, sumado a ello dificultades en la expresión de sus emociones,
la estructuración del lenguaje y nociones temporo espaciales, lo que
afectará directamente en la perdida de la autonomía evidenciándose en el
manejo inadecuado de las habilidades de la vida diaria básicas e
instrumentales , así como también una marcada afectación en su esfera
familiar y social. Por tanto se busca demostrar su importancia se realizó el
presente trabajo de titulación en el Instituto de Neurociencias de la Junta
de Beneficencia de Guayaquil, incorporando actividades de rehabilitación
cognitiva como parte fundamental de los programas de rehabilitación
integral aplicados en pacientes con esquizofrenia para lograr mejoras en su
autonomía y que los lleven a un estilo de vida más normalizado que les
permita una pronta inclusión en programas pre laborales protegidos lo que
facilitara su paso a residencias que requieran del mayor desempeño en su
autonomía y habilidades de autodirección e inclusive a una reinserción
familiar. Para ello la estrategia aplicada se realizó de forma individual en
las actividades cognitivas y en pequeños grupos con los subprogramas
trabajados por otros miembros del equipo interdisciplinario. La metodología
utilizada se basó en la investigación bibliográfica y electrónica, apoyado
ene le método explicativo, descriptivo y experimental.
This research work shows that 80% of the group selected for the sample had mild cognitive impairment, which ultimately indicates that schizophrenia is one of the most serious psychopathological disorders with high social and individual costs for the sufferer, high percentages deterioration in the level of evidence that cognitive processes will be altered patient always being relevant attentional processes, and decreased concentration, added to this difficulty in expressing their emotions, the structuring of language and temporal spatial notions, affecting directly in the loss of autonomy evidenced in the inadequate management skills of basic and instrumental daily life, as well as a strong involvement in their family and social sphere. Therefore it seeks to demonstrate the importance of cognitive rehabilitation as a fundamental part of comprehensive rehabilitation programs applied in patients with schizophrenia to achieve improvements in their autonomy and that lead to a more normalized lifestyle that allows them a speedy inclusion in programs pre protected labor which will facilitate its passage residences requiring the highest performance in their autonomy and self-direction skills and even a family reintegration. For this purpose the methodology was performed individually in cognitive activities and in small groups with applets worked by other members of the interdisciplinary team. The methodology used was based on the bibliographic research and electronics, supported Jan le explanatory method, descriptive and experimental.
This research work shows that 80% of the group selected for the sample had mild cognitive impairment, which ultimately indicates that schizophrenia is one of the most serious psychopathological disorders with high social and individual costs for the sufferer, high percentages deterioration in the level of evidence that cognitive processes will be altered patient always being relevant attentional processes, and decreased concentration, added to this difficulty in expressing their emotions, the structuring of language and temporal spatial notions, affecting directly in the loss of autonomy evidenced in the inadequate management skills of basic and instrumental daily life, as well as a strong involvement in their family and social sphere. Therefore it seeks to demonstrate the importance of cognitive rehabilitation as a fundamental part of comprehensive rehabilitation programs applied in patients with schizophrenia to achieve improvements in their autonomy and that lead to a more normalized lifestyle that allows them a speedy inclusion in programs pre protected labor which will facilitate its passage residences requiring the highest performance in their autonomy and self-direction skills and even a family reintegration. For this purpose the methodology was performed individually in cognitive activities and in small groups with applets worked by other members of the interdisciplinary team. The methodology used was based on the bibliographic research and electronics, supported Jan le explanatory method, descriptive and experimental.
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Palabras clave
Estimulación cognitiva, Esquizofrenia, Pedagogía terapéutica, Instituto de Neurociencias, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador, Autonomía personal