Posibles complicaciones en el postoperatorio de dientes retenidos en el maxilar inferior
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2023-09
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad Piloto de Odontología
Resumen
La retención dentaria es más habitual en la dentadura permanente que en la decidua y se
retienen con mayor frecuencia los terceros molares, seguidos de los caninos en el maxilar
inferior. de los factores que aumentan la propensión a la retención podemos mencionar la falta de
espacio, posición y morfología anormal del diente, consistencia del hueso adyacente. Se
identifica las posibles complicaciones, Se establecen los métodos para la disminución del riesgo
de complicaciones postoperatorias, se analiza el protocolo quirúrgico, se describe cuando está
indicada o contraindicada la extracción y se determina el tratamiento según el tipo de
complicación. La metodología utilizada es de tipo bibliográfico, documental, no experimental
debido que se realiza un estudio sin manipular deliberadamente las variables. Este trabajo es de
tipo cualitativo donde se recoge datos no numéricos en base a la revisión de artículos científicos,
con lo cual se describe las posibles complicaciones tras la extracción de dientes retenidos en el
maxilar inferior. Los resultados indican que entre las complicaciones postoperatorias más frecuentes tenemos a la alveolitis que se da días después de la cirugía. En conclusión, las
complicaciones postoperatorias que se pueden presentar son alveolitis, hemorragias, trismo,
edema, infecciones, angina de ludwing, parestesia del nervio dentario inferior y bacteriemia post
quirúrgica. Las cuales podemos prevenir con un diagnóstico acertado, llevando a cabo un
protocolo quirúrgico planificado correctamente y dando a conocer al paciente las indicaciones a
seguir luego de la extracción.
Abstract Tooth retention is more common in the permanent dentition than in the deciduous dentition, and third molars retained more frequently, followed by canines in the lower jaw. Among the factors that increase the propensity to retention, we can mention the lack of space, abnormal position and morphology of the tooth, and consistency of the adjacent bone. The possible complications identified. Methods for reducing the risk of postoperative complications established the surgical protocol is analyzed, it described when extraction is indicated or contraindicated, and the treatment determined according to the type of complication. The methodology used was bibliographic, documentary, and non-experimental because a study was carried out without deliberately manipulating the variables. This is a qualitative study in which non-numerical data is collected based on the review of scientific articles, which describes the possible complications after the extraction of retained teeth in the lower jaw. The results indicate that among the most frequent postoperative complications, we have alveolitis which occurs days after surgery. In conclusion, the postoperative complications that can occur are alveolitis, hemorrhages, trismus, edema, infections, Ludwig's angina, paresthesia of the lower dental nerve, and post-surgical bacteremia. These can be prevented with an accurate diagnosis, carrying out a correctly planned surgical protocol, and informing the patient of the indications to be followed after the extraction.
Abstract Tooth retention is more common in the permanent dentition than in the deciduous dentition, and third molars retained more frequently, followed by canines in the lower jaw. Among the factors that increase the propensity to retention, we can mention the lack of space, abnormal position and morphology of the tooth, and consistency of the adjacent bone. The possible complications identified. Methods for reducing the risk of postoperative complications established the surgical protocol is analyzed, it described when extraction is indicated or contraindicated, and the treatment determined according to the type of complication. The methodology used was bibliographic, documentary, and non-experimental because a study was carried out without deliberately manipulating the variables. This is a qualitative study in which non-numerical data is collected based on the review of scientific articles, which describes the possible complications after the extraction of retained teeth in the lower jaw. The results indicate that among the most frequent postoperative complications, we have alveolitis which occurs days after surgery. In conclusion, the postoperative complications that can occur are alveolitis, hemorrhages, trismus, edema, infections, Ludwig's angina, paresthesia of the lower dental nerve, and post-surgical bacteremia. These can be prevented with an accurate diagnosis, carrying out a correctly planned surgical protocol, and informing the patient of the indications to be followed after the extraction.
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RETENCION DENTARIA, COMPLICACIONES POSTOPERATORIAS, TERCER MOLAR