Evaluación socioeconómica de los sistemas de producción de cacao Theobroma cacao L. en el cantón Urdaneta, provincia de Los Ríos.
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Fecha
2020
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Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias Universidad de Guayaquil
Resumen
El cultivo de cacao en el Ecuador es de los más extendidos y representativos debido a su reconocimiento a nivel internacional siendo de gran importancia económica, social, ambiental, y particularmente cultural, para el país, ayudando a la generación de fuentes de empleo directo e indirecto. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo principal estudiar la rentabilidad de la producción y productividad de los pequeños y medianos productores de cacao en el cantón Urdaneta, la incidencia que tienen los intermediarios en los precios del producto y los ingresos que les genera la producción a los agricultores. Se empleó como metodología el uso de encuestas de campo y entrevistas a agricultores del recinto Salampe, del cantón Urdaneta de la provincia de Los Ríos, obteniendo como resultado que las comercializaciones del cacao versus los costos determinan una media anual de ganancia de 3598 dólares hectárea para medianos agricultores y 1931 para los pequeños productores de cacao del sector, siempre y cuando los factores climáticos extremos, la intermediación y los precios internacionales del cacao no varíen drásticamente. Así mismo la producción media anual del cacao CNN51 es de 50 a 80 qq/año a un precio promedio anual de 90 dólares qq/cacao seco. Se concluyó que
alentar un cambio en el modelo de gestión entre productores y comerciantes es necesario para desarrollar un comercio más equitativo y justo. La asistencia técnica con nuevas tecnologías y la construcción de organizaciones de productores cacaoteros que transformen y renoven el modelo de gestión en la comercialización y producción del cacao para beneficio propio y de la sociedad ecuatoriana.
Cocoa cultivation in Ecuador is one of the most widespread and representative due to its international recognition, being of great economic, social, environmental, and particularly cultural importance to the country, helping to generate sources of direct and indirect employment. The main objective of this work was to study the profitability of the production and productivity of small and medium-sized cocoa producers in the Urdaneta canton, the incidence that intermediaries have on product prices and the income that production generates for farmers. The use of field surveys and interviews with farmers in the Salampe compound, in the Urdaneta canton of the Los Ríos province, was used as a methodology, obtaining as a result that the cocoa commercializations versus the costs determine an annual average profit of 3598 dollars per hectare for midsize farmers and 1931 for the small cocoa producers in the sector, as long as extreme climatic factors, ntermediation and international cocoa prices do not vary drastically. Likewise, the average annual production of CNN51 cocoa is 50 to 80 qq / year at an average annual price of $ 90 qq / dry cocoa. It was concluded that encouraging a change in the management model between producers and traders is necessary to develop a more equitable and fair trade. Technical assistance with new technologies and the construction of cocoa producer organizations that transform and renew the management model in the commercialization and production of cocoa for their own benefit and that of Ecuadorian society.
Cocoa cultivation in Ecuador is one of the most widespread and representative due to its international recognition, being of great economic, social, environmental, and particularly cultural importance to the country, helping to generate sources of direct and indirect employment. The main objective of this work was to study the profitability of the production and productivity of small and medium-sized cocoa producers in the Urdaneta canton, the incidence that intermediaries have on product prices and the income that production generates for farmers. The use of field surveys and interviews with farmers in the Salampe compound, in the Urdaneta canton of the Los Ríos province, was used as a methodology, obtaining as a result that the cocoa commercializations versus the costs determine an annual average profit of 3598 dollars per hectare for midsize farmers and 1931 for the small cocoa producers in the sector, as long as extreme climatic factors, ntermediation and international cocoa prices do not vary drastically. Likewise, the average annual production of CNN51 cocoa is 50 to 80 qq / year at an average annual price of $ 90 qq / dry cocoa. It was concluded that encouraging a change in the management model between producers and traders is necessary to develop a more equitable and fair trade. Technical assistance with new technologies and the construction of cocoa producer organizations that transform and renew the management model in the commercialization and production of cocoa for their own benefit and that of Ecuadorian society.
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PRODUCCIÓN, PRODUCTIVIDAD, RENDIMIENTO, ASESORAMIENTO, RENTABILIDAD