Amenaza de parto pretérmino y efectos perinatales adversos, gestantes atendidas en el Hospital Mariana de Jesús, mayo - diciembre del 2016
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2017
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Obstetricia
Resumen
Para establecer la problemática de la amenaza de parto prematuro , es necesario considerar
dos variables importantes durante la gestación, el peso del recién nacido y la edad gestacional
del mismo, así la Academia Americana de Pediatría en 1935 definió a la prematurez como
todo niño nacido vivo con un peso de 2500g o menos. Posteriormente la OMS propuso que
también se debería tomar en cuenta la edad gestacional llamándose prematuro al nacido con
una edad gestacional menor de 37 semanas. El propósito de esta investigación es determinar
la incidencia de la Amenaza de parto pretérmino en el Hospital Materno Infantil Mariana
Jesús, de Mayo a Diciembre del 2016., determinar factores de riesgo y edad gestacional de
los fetos con parto pretérmino. En este estudio metodológicamente se planteó el diseño no
Experimental, transversal, prospectivo, descriptivo, siendo viable la investigación ya que
cuenta con la autorización de las respectivas autoridades de la unidad Hospitalaria. Los
resultados indican que el mayor porcentaje de amenaza de parto pretérmino se presentaron
en el mes de Mayo 17%, Diciembre 17%, seguido de Junio 13 %, Septiembre con el 15% y
Agosto 14% respectivamente, y el menor porcentaje se presentó en Octubre 5%.El mayor
porcentaje de factores que predisponen a la Amenaza de parto pretérmino corresponde a
infecciones con 35%, seguido de infecciones vaginales 23%, mientras que el menor
porcentaje fue incompetencia cervical 2%, y embarazo múltiples 5%. El mayor porcentaje
de Complicaciones de Parto Pretérmino acuerdo al gráfico que se presentaron fue Distres
respiratorio 35%, Bajo peso al nacer 32%, seguido de prematuridad 18%, y el menor
porcentaje lo presento Hiperbilirrubinemia 5%, y problemas metabólicos 10%
In order to establish the problem of the threat of preterm birth (PFM), it is necessary to consider two important variables during gestation, the newborn's weight and the gestational age of the same, so the American Academy of Pediatrics in 1935 defined prematurity as everything Child born alive with a weight of 2500g or less. Subsequently, the WHO proposed that gestational age should also be taken into account when the baby is born prematurely with a gestational age of less than 37 weeks. The purpose of this investigation is to determine the incidence of the Preterm Threat in the Maternal and Child Hospital Mariana Jesús, from May to December 2016. To determine risk factors and gestational age of the fetus with preterm delivery. In this study methodologically it was proposed the non experimental design Transversal, prospective, descriptive, being feasible the investigation since it has the authorization of the respective authorities of the Hospital unit. The results indicate that the highest percentage of preterm labor threat occurred in May 17%, and December 17%, followed by June 13%, September with 15% and August 14% respectively, and the lowest percentage presented In October 5%. The highest percentage of factors predisposing to the Threat of Preterm Labor correspond to infections with 35%, followed by vaginal infections 23%, while the lowest percentage was cervical incompetence 2%, and pregnancy 5% multiple. The highest percentage of Preterm Labor Complications according to the graph presented were respiratory distres 35%, low birth weight 32%, followed by prematurity 18%, and the lowest percentage presented hyperbilirubinemia 5%, and metabolic problems 10%
In order to establish the problem of the threat of preterm birth (PFM), it is necessary to consider two important variables during gestation, the newborn's weight and the gestational age of the same, so the American Academy of Pediatrics in 1935 defined prematurity as everything Child born alive with a weight of 2500g or less. Subsequently, the WHO proposed that gestational age should also be taken into account when the baby is born prematurely with a gestational age of less than 37 weeks. The purpose of this investigation is to determine the incidence of the Preterm Threat in the Maternal and Child Hospital Mariana Jesús, from May to December 2016. To determine risk factors and gestational age of the fetus with preterm delivery. In this study methodologically it was proposed the non experimental design Transversal, prospective, descriptive, being feasible the investigation since it has the authorization of the respective authorities of the Hospital unit. The results indicate that the highest percentage of preterm labor threat occurred in May 17%, and December 17%, followed by June 13%, September with 15% and August 14% respectively, and the lowest percentage presented In October 5%. The highest percentage of factors predisposing to the Threat of Preterm Labor correspond to infections with 35%, followed by vaginal infections 23%, while the lowest percentage was cervical incompetence 2%, and pregnancy 5% multiple. The highest percentage of Preterm Labor Complications according to the graph presented were respiratory distres 35%, low birth weight 32%, followed by prematurity 18%, and the lowest percentage presented hyperbilirubinemia 5%, and metabolic problems 10%
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Mujeres embarazadas, Amenaza de parto prematuro, Factores de riesgo, Efectos perinatales, Hospital Especializado Mariana de Jesús, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador