Diagnóstico Ambiental de la planta de faenamiento del cantón Morona y propuesta de mejoramiento
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Fecha
2020-10
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Universidad de Guayaquil
Resumen
El manejo inadecuado en la etapa previa al faenamiento provoca estrés en los animales; este
estrés conlleva a cambios de tipo metabólico y hormonal a nivel muscular en el animal vivo y
que se traducen en cambios de color, pH y capacidad de retención de agua en el músculo
postmortem. Como consecuencia de ello, las características de la carne cambian, tornándose
menos aceptables al consumidor y acortándose la vida útil del producto.
Los camales generalmente, de competencia Provincial, tienen el deber de ofrecer un servicio
a la comunidad, sin ánimo de lucro, que garantice que el ganado se encuentra sano, que
cumple con las normativas sanitarias, que no ha sido robado, que ha sido faenado de forma
apropiada y finalmente que el proceso se ha realizado acorde con la legislación ambiental
local.
La tendencia actual es producir alimentos que cumplan con un proceso controlado,
documentado y las condiciones de seguridad alimentaria.
El presente trabajo de investigación tuvo como objetivo principal proponer una metodología
de gestión de desechos sólidos y líquidos generados en el centro de faenamiento de la
Municipal del cantón Morona (camal), que permitirá lograr su reciclaje, reutilización y
aprovechamiento. Esta investigación se llevó a cabo desde enero hasta junio de 2018.
Una vez realizado el trabajo en campo, se analizó los resultados de las encuestas que se
efectuaron a: los usuarios, los empleados, las autoridades y los habitantes cercanos al sector,
y se determinó que en la actualidad presentan problemas de contaminación y mala
disposición de los residuos productos de la actividad de faenamiento, los cuales reciclándose
pueden convertirse en ingresos económicos y así mitigar la contaminación ambiental del
sector, contribuirá a la conservación del recurso natural y al mejoramiento de las condiciones
de vida de sus habitantes. Como recomendación de esta investigación se sugirió una
propuesta para elaborar compost de los desechos y así mitigar la contaminación al ambiente.
Pre- slaughter inadequate management causes stress on animals; this stress leads to metabolic and hormonal changes at the muscle level in the living animal, which result in changes in color, pH and water retention capacity in the postmortem muscle. As a result, the characteristics of the meat change, becoming less acceptable to the consumer and shortening the shelf life of the product. The camales are under the provincial jurisdiction’s, institutions which have a duty to offer a service to the community, not for profit, to ensure that livestock are healthy, that it complies with health regulations, that has not been stolen, that has been properly committed and finally that the process has been carried out in accordance with local environmental legislation. The current trend is to produce foods that comply with a controlled, documented process and food safety conditions. The main objective of this research work was to propose a methodology for the management of solid wastes and liquids generated in the slaughter center of the Municipality of the canton Morona (camal), which will allow achieving its recycling, reuse and use. This investigation was conducted from January to June 2018. Once the work in the field was carried out, the results of the surveys carried out on: users, employees, authorities and inhabitants close to the sector were analyzed, and it was determined that today they have problems of pollution and have a poor waste products disposal process, resources, which by recycling can become an economic income and also mitigate environmental pollution in the sector, contribute to the conservation of the natural resource and the improvement of the living conditions of its inhabitants. As a recommendation of this research, a proposal was suggested to compost waste and thus mitigate pollution to the environment.
Pre- slaughter inadequate management causes stress on animals; this stress leads to metabolic and hormonal changes at the muscle level in the living animal, which result in changes in color, pH and water retention capacity in the postmortem muscle. As a result, the characteristics of the meat change, becoming less acceptable to the consumer and shortening the shelf life of the product. The camales are under the provincial jurisdiction’s, institutions which have a duty to offer a service to the community, not for profit, to ensure that livestock are healthy, that it complies with health regulations, that has not been stolen, that has been properly committed and finally that the process has been carried out in accordance with local environmental legislation. The current trend is to produce foods that comply with a controlled, documented process and food safety conditions. The main objective of this research work was to propose a methodology for the management of solid wastes and liquids generated in the slaughter center of the Municipality of the canton Morona (camal), which will allow achieving its recycling, reuse and use. This investigation was conducted from January to June 2018. Once the work in the field was carried out, the results of the surveys carried out on: users, employees, authorities and inhabitants close to the sector were analyzed, and it was determined that today they have problems of pollution and have a poor waste products disposal process, resources, which by recycling can become an economic income and also mitigate environmental pollution in the sector, contribute to the conservation of the natural resource and the improvement of the living conditions of its inhabitants. As a recommendation of this research, a proposal was suggested to compost waste and thus mitigate pollution to the environment.
Descripción
Palabras clave
PLANTA DE TRATAMIENTO DE AGUAS RESIDUALES, DESECHOS SÓLIDOS, AGUAS RESIDUALES, GANADO BOVINO
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APA