Factores que influyen en la alimentación de los adolescentes de 14 a 15 años del Colegio Réplica Vicente Rocafuerte
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2015
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Enfermería
Resumen
La adolescencia es una etapa de la vida marcada por importantes cambios emocionales, sociales y fisiológicos. Sobre estos últimos la alimentación cobra una especial importancia debido a los requerimientos nutricionales, frente a estos cambios, son muy elevados. El objetivo de la investigación es “Identificar los factores que influyen en la nutrición de los adolescentes de 14 a 15 años del Colegio Réplica Vicente Rocafuerte”. La metodología aplicada fue descriptiva con un enfoque cuantitativo y transversal que permitió identificar los factores que están influyendo en la nutrición de los adolescentes mediante encuestas, observación directa, además la evaluación del estado nutricional a través del cálculo de IMC, correlacionando con la teoría de Virginia Henderson que define 14 necesidades básicas del individuo. Los resultados obtenidos en esta investigación indican que los factores que influyen en el estado nutricional del adolescente se debe al déficit de conocimiento en cuanto a los alimentos adecuados para la salud según la muestra observada el 44% consideran que solo las frutas son adecuadas omitiendo el resto de grupos alimenticios; con respecto al factor biológico en la parte sensorial se determina que el 52% de los adolescentes prefieren los alimentos por el sabor y no por el grado nutritivo. Tanto el factor económico representado por el 64% de los padres que tienen un ingreso económico menor a $200 mensuales; culturales y psicológicos son factores que desencadenan alteraciones nutricionales. Concluyendo que el bajo peso, obesidad que presentan los adolescentes se debe al poco conocimiento que tienen sobre los alimentos, a la influencia de factores socioeconómicos y culturales, como los malos hábitos alimenticios. Para ello se recomienda diseñar guías nutricionales como estrategia educativa que ayude a mejorar la calidad de vida, y lograr un crecimiento y desarrollo óptimo.
The adolescence is a stage of life marked by important emotional, social and physiological changes. The latter is of particular importance because the changes of nutritional requirements are very high. The aim this investigation is identify the factors that influence adolescent nutrition of 14 e 15 years from the “ColegioReplicVicentRocafuerte”. The applied methodology was descriptive with cross-sectional quantitative approach for identifying the factors that are influencing adolescent nutrition surveys, direct observation, and assessment of nutritional status by calculating BMI, correlating with the theory of Virginia Henderson. It defines 14 basic needs of the individual. The results obtained in this investigation indicate that the factors that influence adolescent nutritional status is due to lack of knowledge about how to eat healthy. According to the survey 44% believe that eating fruits is only necessary for good health thus omitting the rest food groups. With respect to the biological factor in the sensory part is determined that 52% of teens prefer foods by taste and not by the nutritional grade. Both surveys represent a 64% family income of less than $200 a month and including cultural and psychological factors that trigger nutritional alterations. Concluding that the underweight obesity, that adolescent present should after a while knowledge that they have on the foods, to the influence of the socioeconomic and cultural factors like the nutrition bad habits. For it designing nutritional guidelines like educational strategy recommends that it help to improvide the quality of life and achieving a growth and optional development.
The adolescence is a stage of life marked by important emotional, social and physiological changes. The latter is of particular importance because the changes of nutritional requirements are very high. The aim this investigation is identify the factors that influence adolescent nutrition of 14 e 15 years from the “ColegioReplicVicentRocafuerte”. The applied methodology was descriptive with cross-sectional quantitative approach for identifying the factors that are influencing adolescent nutrition surveys, direct observation, and assessment of nutritional status by calculating BMI, correlating with the theory of Virginia Henderson. It defines 14 basic needs of the individual. The results obtained in this investigation indicate that the factors that influence adolescent nutritional status is due to lack of knowledge about how to eat healthy. According to the survey 44% believe that eating fruits is only necessary for good health thus omitting the rest food groups. With respect to the biological factor in the sensory part is determined that 52% of teens prefer foods by taste and not by the nutritional grade. Both surveys represent a 64% family income of less than $200 a month and including cultural and psychological factors that trigger nutritional alterations. Concluding that the underweight obesity, that adolescent present should after a while knowledge that they have on the foods, to the influence of the socioeconomic and cultural factors like the nutrition bad habits. For it designing nutritional guidelines like educational strategy recommends that it help to improvide the quality of life and achieving a growth and optional development.
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Factores que influyen en la alimentación, Adolescente, Colegio Replica Vicente Rocafuerte, Nutrición del adolescente, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador