Etiología de la maloclusion . Factores predisponentes en niños de 6 A 12 años atendidos en la Clínica de Odontopediatria de la Facultad Piloto de Odontología
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2018-09
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad Piloto de Odontología
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La maloclusión es un trastorno al cual no se le ha identificado una causa específica, dado que para su desarrollo pueden participar varios factores, sean estos intrínsecos o extrínsecos. Desde una perspectiva preventiva, es importante detectar a temprana edad los factores etiológicos en especial aquellos que pueden ser modificados por el odontólogo tales como: los hábitos bucales y factores locales. El objetivo de la presente investigación es identificar los factores etiológicos de maloclusión en niños de 6 a 12 años atendidos en la clínica de odontopediatría de la Facultad Piloto de Odontología en el periodo 2018-2019 CI. La metodología utilizada se basó en un estudio observacional de tipo trasversal, en el cual se evaluó una muestra de 85 pacientes seleccionados mediante un muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia. La recolección de datos se realizó mediante un examen intraoral en los niños y niñas participantes y una encuesta a los padres de familia. En conclusión, se demostró que existe una alta frecuencia de maloclusión clase I con un índice de afectación semejante en ambos sexos. En cuanto a los factores etiológicos se determinó que la caries dental es la que más afecta a la población intervenida seguida de la pérdida prematura, con respecto a los hábitos bucales, la onicofagia es la más frecuente entre los niños evaluados, seguido de la succión de biberón
Malocclusion is a disorder which specific cause has not been identified, given that various factors, whether intrinsic or extrinsic, may be involved in its development. From a preventive perspective, it is important to detect the etiological factors at an early age, especially those that can be modified by the dentist, such as oral habits and local factors. The objective of the present investigation is to identify the etiological factors of malocclusion in children aged 6 to 12 years attended in the pediatric dentistry clinic of “Facultad Piloto de Odontología” in the period 2018-2019 CI. The methodology used was based on an observational transversal study, in which a sample of 85 selected patients was evaluated by a non-probabilistic convenience sampling. The data collection was carried out through an intraoral examination in the participating children and a survey for the parents. In conclusion it was shown that there is a high frequency of class I malocclusion with a similar index of affectation in both sexes. Regarding the etiological factors, it was determined that dental caries is the one that affects the intervened population the most, followed by premature loss; with regard to oral habits, onychophagia is the most frequent among the children evaluated, followed by the use of feeding bottle.
Malocclusion is a disorder which specific cause has not been identified, given that various factors, whether intrinsic or extrinsic, may be involved in its development. From a preventive perspective, it is important to detect the etiological factors at an early age, especially those that can be modified by the dentist, such as oral habits and local factors. The objective of the present investigation is to identify the etiological factors of malocclusion in children aged 6 to 12 years attended in the pediatric dentistry clinic of “Facultad Piloto de Odontología” in the period 2018-2019 CI. The methodology used was based on an observational transversal study, in which a sample of 85 selected patients was evaluated by a non-probabilistic convenience sampling. The data collection was carried out through an intraoral examination in the participating children and a survey for the parents. In conclusion it was shown that there is a high frequency of class I malocclusion with a similar index of affectation in both sexes. Regarding the etiological factors, it was determined that dental caries is the one that affects the intervened population the most, followed by premature loss; with regard to oral habits, onychophagia is the most frequent among the children evaluated, followed by the use of feeding bottle.
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