Propuesta para la jerarquización de zonas de atención prioritaria en Guayaquil para la minimización del riesgo de contagio COVID-19.
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2022-03-29
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ingeniería Industrial. Maestría en Seguridad, Salud e Higiene Industrial.
Resumen
El presente estudio implementó un algoritmo de ordenamiento, basado en la teoría
de incertidumbre, para identificar el nivel de atención prioritaria y regulaciones
adicionales en sectores de la población con altos niveles de infección e
incumplimiento de normas, durante el evento pandémico de julio del 2021 en
Ecuador. El contexto del estudio se resume en 7 sectores urbanos de Guayaquil
que presentaron el mayor número de contagios (más del 70% de la población
local) según el Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Censos, e incumplimiento de
las restricciones. El análisis multicriterio consideró 7 descriptores que limitan el
cumplimiento de las normas COVID-19 por parte de la población, caracterizada
por personas con nivel de educación por debajo de la educación secundaria
superior (70%), y más del 50%, entre 20-34 años, con alguna ocupación en el
medio de una economía popular debilitada. La hipótesis principal consideró que la
adherencia a las normas es influenciada por el clima de seguridad, el clima de
seguridad, el riesgo percibido y el entendimiento. 515 adultos de las zonas más
afectadas conformaron la muestra del estudio para la evaluación de los constructos
mediante cuestionarios validados en la literatura. Se utilizó un modelo de
ecuaciones estructurales (SEM) para construir las relaciones de las variables
causales con las latentes. Los resultados muestran que Vergeles, Guasmo Norte y
Fertisa representan los sectores con mayor prioridad mientras que Urdesa presenta
la menor jerarquía. El objetivo es proponer una herramienta para la identificación
de sectores de población que requieren mayor atención por parte de autoridades
locales o gubernamentales en situaciones de crisis, considerando los factores que
influyen en la adherencia a las normas COVID-19, sobre todo en ambientes de
convivencia y trabajo no convencionales.
The present study implemented an ordering algorithm, based on uncertainty theory, to identify the level of priority attention and additional regulations in sectors of the population with high levels of infection and non-compliance with norms, during the pandemic event of July 2021 in Ecuador. The context of the study is summarized in 7 urban sectors of Guayaquil that presented the highest number of infections (more than 70% of the local population) according to the National Institute of Statistics and Censuses, and non-compliance with restrictions. The multi-criteria analysis considered 7 descriptors that limit compliance with COVID-19 standards by the population, characterized by people with a level of education below upper secondary education (70%), and more than 50%, between 20-34 years, with some occupation in thethe midst of a weakened popular economy. The main hypothesis considered that adherence to norms is influenced by the safety climate, the safety climate, perceived risk and understanding. 515 adults from the most affected areas formed the sample of the study for the evaluation of the constructs through questionnaires validated in the literature. A model of structural equations (SEM) was used to construct the relationships of the causal variables with the latent ones. The results show that Vergeles, Guasmo Norte and Fertisa represent the sectors with the highest priority while Urdesa has the lowest hierarchy. The objective is to propose a tool for the identification of sectors of the population that require greater attention from local or governmental authorities in crisis situations, considering the factors that influence adherence to COVID-19 standards, especially in non-conventional coexistence and work environments.
The present study implemented an ordering algorithm, based on uncertainty theory, to identify the level of priority attention and additional regulations in sectors of the population with high levels of infection and non-compliance with norms, during the pandemic event of July 2021 in Ecuador. The context of the study is summarized in 7 urban sectors of Guayaquil that presented the highest number of infections (more than 70% of the local population) according to the National Institute of Statistics and Censuses, and non-compliance with restrictions. The multi-criteria analysis considered 7 descriptors that limit compliance with COVID-19 standards by the population, characterized by people with a level of education below upper secondary education (70%), and more than 50%, between 20-34 years, with some occupation in thethe midst of a weakened popular economy. The main hypothesis considered that adherence to norms is influenced by the safety climate, the safety climate, perceived risk and understanding. 515 adults from the most affected areas formed the sample of the study for the evaluation of the constructs through questionnaires validated in the literature. A model of structural equations (SEM) was used to construct the relationships of the causal variables with the latent ones. The results show that Vergeles, Guasmo Norte and Fertisa represent the sectors with the highest priority while Urdesa has the lowest hierarchy. The objective is to propose a tool for the identification of sectors of the population that require greater attention from local or governmental authorities in crisis situations, considering the factors that influence adherence to COVID-19 standards, especially in non-conventional coexistence and work environments.
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Palabras clave
SEGURIDAD, SALUD E HIGIENE INDUSTRIAL, ATENCIÓN PRIORITARIA, MINIMIZACIÓN DE RIESGO, CONTAGIO DE COVID-19