Estudio de trastornos conductuales por déficit de atención e hiperactividad en niños de 6 - 12 años en cuatro escuelas particulares y fiscales de la ciudad 2013 - 2014
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2014
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
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Los trastornos por déficit de atención e hiperactividad están definidos por la presencia de tres síntomas fundamentales: Disminución de la atención, Impulsividad e Hiperactividad. Hace unos años se estimaba la prevalencia entre el 4% - 6%, sin embargo los últimos estudios epidemiológicos presentan cifras que rondan entre el 10 - 20%. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo principal determinar la incidencia de trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad en niños escolares entre 6 y 12 años de 4 escuelas particulares y fiscales de la ciudad de Guayaquil, mediante el uso de los criterios de diagnóstico de TDHA según DSM-IV-TR con el fin de establecer herramientas de diagnóstico eficaz, para esto se realizó una investigación descriptiva, observacional, prospectivo, transversal, con un diseño no experimental, con una muestra constituida por 150 niños y niñas de 6 -12 años que asistan a las escuelas particulares y fiscales en el periodo de Junio – Diciembre de 2013, previa aprobación del consentimiento informado por su representante legal. La incidencia trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad fue del 15,9% (24/150) sin diferencias significativas entre escuelas fiscales y particulares. Se observaron factores pronósticos como el sexo (61,1%), antecedentes familiares de TDAH (5,6%), hogares disfuncionales (55,60%) y con trastornos del sueño, de aprendizaje y comportamiento. Con respecto a las pruebas diagnósticas para TDAH se obtuvo una buena relación tanto para la valoración realizada por los docentes como la que hicieron los padres, por lo que se pueden utilizar para el diagnóstico base. Se concluye que la incidencia de TDAH ha sido alta y tiene relación con varios factores socioculturales y afecta el aprendizaje de los escolares por lo que debe ser diagnosticada y tratada por un equipo multidisciplinario, donde el papel del pediatra toma una enorme importancia para cuidar la salud y estado de estos pacientes
Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders are defined by the presence of three fundamental symptoms: Decreased attention, Impulsivity and Hyperactivity. A few years ago the prevalence was estimated between 4% - 6%, however the latest epidemiological studies present figures that range between 10 - 20%. The main objective of this study was to determine the incidence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in schoolchildren between 6 and 12 years of age in 4 private and public schools in the city of Guayaquil, using the diagnostic criteria of ADHD according to DSM. -IV-TR in order to establish effective diagnostic tools, for this purpose a descriptive, observational, prospective, cross-sectional research was carried out, with a non-experimental design, with a sample constituted by 150 boys and girls aged 6-12 who attend to the private and fiscal schools in the period of June - December 2013, previous approval of the informed consent by their legal representative. The incidence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder was 15.9% (24/150) without significant differences between fiscal and private schools. Prognostic factors were observed such as sex (61.1%), family history of ADHD (5.6%), dysfunctional homes (55.60%) and sleep, learning and behavior disorders. With regard to the diagnostic tests for ADHD, a good relationship was obtained both for the assessment made by the teachers and that made by the parents, so that they can be used for the basic diagnosis. It is concluded that the incidence of ADHD has been high and is related to several sociocultural factors and affects the learning of school children so it must be diagnosed and treated by a multidisciplinary team, where the role of the pediatrician takes an enormous importance to care for health and status of these patients
Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders are defined by the presence of three fundamental symptoms: Decreased attention, Impulsivity and Hyperactivity. A few years ago the prevalence was estimated between 4% - 6%, however the latest epidemiological studies present figures that range between 10 - 20%. The main objective of this study was to determine the incidence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in schoolchildren between 6 and 12 years of age in 4 private and public schools in the city of Guayaquil, using the diagnostic criteria of ADHD according to DSM. -IV-TR in order to establish effective diagnostic tools, for this purpose a descriptive, observational, prospective, cross-sectional research was carried out, with a non-experimental design, with a sample constituted by 150 boys and girls aged 6-12 who attend to the private and fiscal schools in the period of June - December 2013, previous approval of the informed consent by their legal representative. The incidence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder was 15.9% (24/150) without significant differences between fiscal and private schools. Prognostic factors were observed such as sex (61.1%), family history of ADHD (5.6%), dysfunctional homes (55.60%) and sleep, learning and behavior disorders. With regard to the diagnostic tests for ADHD, a good relationship was obtained both for the assessment made by the teachers and that made by the parents, so that they can be used for the basic diagnosis. It is concluded that the incidence of ADHD has been high and is related to several sociocultural factors and affects the learning of school children so it must be diagnosed and treated by a multidisciplinary team, where the role of the pediatrician takes an enormous importance to care for health and status of these patients
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Trastorno de la falta de atención con hiperactividad, Pediatría, Epidemiología descriptiva, Estudios prospectivos, Escuela Particular Aquiles Rodríguez, Escuela Particular Dios Viviente, Escuela Fiscal Lucía Pérez de Murillo, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador, Trastornos de la conducta infantil