Estado nutricional, factores condicionantes y valoración bioquímica de escolares de segundo y séptimo de básica de la Unidad Educativa Javier, Guayaquil 2013-2014
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2016
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
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En Ecuador, a partir del 2001, se ha registrado un aumento en el número de casos de malnutrición por exceso, superando al de malnutrición por déficit, observando una mayor prevalencia en estudiantes de unidades educativas privadas de la región costa y grupos etarios afectos cada día más jóvenes, con potenciales efectos perjudiciales a largo plazo. Se tomaron como muestra 382 estudiantes de la Unidad Educativa Javier de la ciudad de Guayaquil, matriculados durante el período 2013-2014, correspondientes a segundo y séptimo de educación básica, llevando a cabo un estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal. Se encontró sobrepeso en 51% de la muestra, obesidad en 1%, normopeso en 42%, y bajo peso en 6%. Se registraron 38 casos de anemia correspondientes al 10% de la muestra, de los cuales 27 se encontraban en el grupo de normopeso. Se presentaron alteraciones de los lípidos en 25 casos, de los cuales 2 se encontraban en el grupo de obesidad. El consumo frecuente de frutas y verduras demostró ser un factor protector para el desarrollo de obesidad, con OR=0.2 y valor p=0.0001, mientras que los malos hábitos alimenticios consisten en un factor de riesgo, con OR=2.15 y valor p=0.0008. Se encontraron parásitos en 51 muestras, siendo la Entamoeba coli y E. histolytica los más frecuentes (20 casos cada uno). Se reportaron 8 casos de G. lamblia, 1 caso de B. hominis y 2 de múltiples parásitos. Con estos resultados, se concluyó que la malnutrición por exceso en la Unidad Educativa Javier es 5 veces más frecuente que la malnutrición por déficit, siendo más frecuente las alteraciones de lípidos y anemia en el grupo de normopeso, teniendo como principal factor de riesgo los malos hábitos alimenticios y poco conocimiento nutricional, mientras que el frecuente consumo de frutas y verduras demostró ser un factor protector en el desarrollo de obesidad o sobrepeso.
Since 2001 in Ecuador, it has been reported an increase in the number of cases of malnutrition by excess, which beats malnutrition by deficit. These cases are more prevalent in students of private schools from the coastal region and from younger age groups, with potential long-term harmful effects. In this study 382 students from ―Unidad Educativa Javier‖ school in Guayaquil—second and seventh graders registered in 2014—participated in the study. The study consists in an observational crosssectional descriptive study. The results show that 51% of students were overweight, 1% were obese, 42% were normal weight, and 6% were underweight. There were 38 cases of anemia (10% of students) were found, 27 of which were in the normal weight group. Lipid abnormalities occurred in 25 cases, two of which were in the obese group. Frequent consumption of fruits and vegetables proved to be a protective factor for the development of obesity, with OR = 0.2 and P = 0.0001. Bad eating habits were found to be a risk factor, with OR = 2.15 and P = 0.0008. There were parasites reports for 51 of the students, being the E. Histolytica and E. coli the most common (20 cases each). There were also eight cases of G. lamblia, one case of B. hominis and two of multiple parasites. These results show that malnutrition by excess in ―Unidad Educativa Javier‖ school is 5 times more common than malnutrition by deficit. Lipid abnormalities and anemia are more frequent in the normal weight group. Finally, poor eating habits was found to be a main risk factor while the frequent consumption of fruits and vegetables proved to be a protective factor in the development of obesity or overweight.
Since 2001 in Ecuador, it has been reported an increase in the number of cases of malnutrition by excess, which beats malnutrition by deficit. These cases are more prevalent in students of private schools from the coastal region and from younger age groups, with potential long-term harmful effects. In this study 382 students from ―Unidad Educativa Javier‖ school in Guayaquil—second and seventh graders registered in 2014—participated in the study. The study consists in an observational crosssectional descriptive study. The results show that 51% of students were overweight, 1% were obese, 42% were normal weight, and 6% were underweight. There were 38 cases of anemia (10% of students) were found, 27 of which were in the normal weight group. Lipid abnormalities occurred in 25 cases, two of which were in the obese group. Frequent consumption of fruits and vegetables proved to be a protective factor for the development of obesity, with OR = 0.2 and P = 0.0001. Bad eating habits were found to be a risk factor, with OR = 2.15 and P = 0.0008. There were parasites reports for 51 of the students, being the E. Histolytica and E. coli the most common (20 cases each). There were also eight cases of G. lamblia, one case of B. hominis and two of multiple parasites. These results show that malnutrition by excess in ―Unidad Educativa Javier‖ school is 5 times more common than malnutrition by deficit. Lipid abnormalities and anemia are more frequent in the normal weight group. Finally, poor eating habits was found to be a main risk factor while the frequent consumption of fruits and vegetables proved to be a protective factor in the development of obesity or overweight.
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Estado nutricional, Escolares, Unidad Educativa Javier, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador, Desnutrición