Abundancia y distribución de macrobasura y mesoplásticos en las playas Las Palmas, Atacames y los Freiles en la costa ecuatoriana
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2019-10
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Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Universidad de Guayaquil
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La basura marina se ha convertido en uno de los mayores problemas ambientales a nivel mundial, afectando a la biodiversidad, salud, estética y sectores productivos. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue determinar la abundancia y distribución de macrobasura y mesoplásticos en las playas Las Palmas, Atacames y Los Frailes en la costa ecuatoriana. Para ello, se recolectaron muestras de macrobasuras y mesoplásticos en las playas en días anteriores y posteriores al feriado de Fieles Difuntos e Independencia de Cuenca, utilizando la metodología de Los Científicos de la Basura. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que los plásticos fueron el tipo de macrobasura más abundante en las playas (71%), mientras que los fragmentos de mesoplásticos fueron tipo de mesoplásticos más abundantes (89%). La abundancia promedio de macrobasura en metro cuadrado para cada playa fue 1.44 ítems/m2 en Las Palmas, Atacames 0.58 ítems/m2 y Los Frailes 0.095 ítems/m2. De igual manera la abundancia promedio de mesoplásticos en cada playa fue de 56.45 ítems/m2 en Las Palmas, 5.5 ítems/m2 en Atacames y 3.36 ítems/m2 en Los Frailes. No hubo diferencias en la abundancia de basura antes y después del feriado. Según el índice de limpieza de la costa, se clasificó a Las Palmas como extremadamente sucia, Atacames modernamente sucia y Los Frailes muy limpia. Se evidenció que las diferencias en la abundancia de macrobasura en las playas se deben al sistema de gestión y se propone un sistema integral para el manejo de desechos sólidos en las playas de Ecuador.
Marine waste has become one of the biggest environmental problems worldwide, affecting biodiversity, health, aesthetics and productive sectors. The objective of this investigation was to determine the abundance and distribution of macro-waste and mesoplastics at Las Palmas, Atacames and Los Frailes beaches on the Ecuadorian coast. For this, samples of macro-waste and mesoplastics were taken at the beaches on days before and after the holidays of “Día de los difuntos” and “Independencia de Cuenca”, using the methodology of The Scientists of the Garbage. The results obtained show that plastics were the most abundant type of macro-waste at beaches (71%), while mesoplastic fragments were the most abundant type of mesoplastics (89%). The average abundance of macro-waste in square meters for each beach was 1.44 items/m2 in Las Palmas, Atacames 0.58 items/m2 and Los Frailes 0.095 items/m2. Likewise, the average abundance of mesoplastics in each beach was 56.45 items/m2 in Las Palmas, 5.5 items/m2 in Atacames and 3.36 items/m2 in Los Frailes. There was no difference in the abundance of waste before and after the holiday. According to the cleanliness index of the coast, Las Palmas was classified as extremely dirty, Atacames was moderately dirty and Los Frailes was very clean. It was consistent that the differences in the abundance of macro-waste at the beaches are due to the management system, and an integral system for the management of solid waste at the beaches of Ecuador is proposed.
Marine waste has become one of the biggest environmental problems worldwide, affecting biodiversity, health, aesthetics and productive sectors. The objective of this investigation was to determine the abundance and distribution of macro-waste and mesoplastics at Las Palmas, Atacames and Los Frailes beaches on the Ecuadorian coast. For this, samples of macro-waste and mesoplastics were taken at the beaches on days before and after the holidays of “Día de los difuntos” and “Independencia de Cuenca”, using the methodology of The Scientists of the Garbage. The results obtained show that plastics were the most abundant type of macro-waste at beaches (71%), while mesoplastic fragments were the most abundant type of mesoplastics (89%). The average abundance of macro-waste in square meters for each beach was 1.44 items/m2 in Las Palmas, Atacames 0.58 items/m2 and Los Frailes 0.095 items/m2. Likewise, the average abundance of mesoplastics in each beach was 56.45 items/m2 in Las Palmas, 5.5 items/m2 in Atacames and 3.36 items/m2 in Los Frailes. There was no difference in the abundance of waste before and after the holiday. According to the cleanliness index of the coast, Las Palmas was classified as extremely dirty, Atacames was moderately dirty and Los Frailes was very clean. It was consistent that the differences in the abundance of macro-waste at the beaches are due to the management system, and an integral system for the management of solid waste at the beaches of Ecuador is proposed.
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MACROBASURA, MESOPLÁSTICOS, BASURAS MARINAS, ECUADOR