Evaluación de las causas de mortalidad neonatal en el Hospital Nacional de Especialidades Guayaquil Dr. Abel Gilbert Pontón, 2006-2008
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2011
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
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La mortalidad neonatal (MN) es un indicador sensible del bienestar de una población, de las condiciones de salud materna, del entorno en que vive la madre y de la calidad de la atención preconcepcional, prenatal, intraparto y del neonato. Refleja el grado de desarrollo de un país, muestran las condiciones de inequidad social y constituyen un problema básico de salud por su elevada frecuencia. En el Ecuador la mortalidad neonatal aporta actualmente 57% las defunciones infantiles, en Guayaquil se calculó que en el 2006 se registraron un total de fallecidos menores de 1 mes 790 (15,9), en el 2007 fallecieron 749 (13,1) y en el 2008 fallecieron 470(14,16) del total de la mortalidad neonatal. El objetivo de esta revisión es caracterizar el comportamiento de la mortalidad neonatal y su relación con la edad materna, edad gestacional, factores de riesgo y determinar las causas de muerte neonatal en el Hospital Nacional de especialidades de Guayaquil “Dr. Abel Gilbert Pontón”, durante el periodo de enero del 2006 a diciembre del 2008. La metodología del estudio corresponde al tipo descriptivo-correlacional y diseño no experimental, longitudinal y retrospectivo cuyos resultados evidencian que la mortalidad neonatal temprana se produce con mayor frecuencia con relación a la mortalidad tardía con una relación 2.6:1 con 63,63% perteneciente al género masculino y 36,36% al femenino. En la muestra estudiada se obtuvo un índice de mortalidad neonatal en RN < de 36% en el 2006, 44,73% en el 2007 y 55,10% en el 2008. Las causas más frecuentes de MN fueron la infección del tracto urinario (ITU) 27,27% e Hiperémesis 36,36% en el 2006, Hiperémesis 21,05% y la ITU 36,84% en el 2007, y en el 2008 predominaron la ITU 19(38,77%), la hiperémesis 13(23,56%) y la preeclampsia 7(14,28%). La tasa de MN por malformaciones congénitas fue baja, registrándose 9%en el 2006, 5,26% en el 2007, y en el 2008 fue de 4(8,16%).
Neonatal mortality (MN) is a sensitive indicator of the welfare of a population, conditions of maternal health, the environment in which the mother lives and quality of care before conception, prenatal, intrapartum and newborn. Reflects the degree of development of a country, showing the conditions of social inequality and provide a basic health problem because of its high frequency. In Ecuador, neonatal mortality currently contributes 57% of child deaths in Guayaquil was estimated that in 2006 there were a total of deaths under 1 month 790 (15.9), 749 died in 2007 (13.1) and 470 died in 2008 (14,16) of the total neonatal mortality. The objective of this review is to characterize the behavior of neonatal mortality and its relationship with maternal age, gestational age, risk factors and determine the causes of neonatal death in the National Hospital specialty Guayaquil "Dr. Abel Gilbert Ponton, "during the period January 2006 to December 2008. The methodology of the study is the descriptive and correlational and not experimental design, longitudinal and retrospective. The results were: Early neonatal mortality occurs more frequently than late mortality with a ratio 2.6:1. The MN is distributed according to sex in 63.63% to 36.36% male and the female gender. This series was a neonatal mortality rate in infants <36% in 2006, 44.73% in 2007 and 55.10% in 2008. The most common causes of MN were 27.27% and Hyperemesis ITU 36.36% in 2006, hyperemesis was 21.05%, 36.84% of UTI in 2007, and in 2008 dominated the ITU 19 ( 38.77%), hyperemesis 13 (23.56%) and preeclampsia 7 (14.28%). MN The rate of congenital malformations was low, 9% in 2006, 5.26% in 2007 and in 2008 was 4 (8.16%).
Neonatal mortality (MN) is a sensitive indicator of the welfare of a population, conditions of maternal health, the environment in which the mother lives and quality of care before conception, prenatal, intrapartum and newborn. Reflects the degree of development of a country, showing the conditions of social inequality and provide a basic health problem because of its high frequency. In Ecuador, neonatal mortality currently contributes 57% of child deaths in Guayaquil was estimated that in 2006 there were a total of deaths under 1 month 790 (15.9), 749 died in 2007 (13.1) and 470 died in 2008 (14,16) of the total neonatal mortality. The objective of this review is to characterize the behavior of neonatal mortality and its relationship with maternal age, gestational age, risk factors and determine the causes of neonatal death in the National Hospital specialty Guayaquil "Dr. Abel Gilbert Ponton, "during the period January 2006 to December 2008. The methodology of the study is the descriptive and correlational and not experimental design, longitudinal and retrospective. The results were: Early neonatal mortality occurs more frequently than late mortality with a ratio 2.6:1. The MN is distributed according to sex in 63.63% to 36.36% male and the female gender. This series was a neonatal mortality rate in infants <36% in 2006, 44.73% in 2007 and 55.10% in 2008. The most common causes of MN were 27.27% and Hyperemesis ITU 36.36% in 2006, hyperemesis was 21.05%, 36.84% of UTI in 2007, and in 2008 dominated the ITU 19 ( 38.77%), hyperemesis 13 (23.56%) and preeclampsia 7 (14.28%). MN The rate of congenital malformations was low, 9% in 2006, 5.26% in 2007 and in 2008 was 4 (8.16%).
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Evaluación, Mortalidad neonatal, Epidemiología descriptiva, Estudios retrospectivos, Hospital de Especialidades Guayaquil Dr. Abel Gilbert Pontón, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador